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Acta Sinica Quantum Optica

连续变量光纤量子信息处理中光纤信道额外噪声的影响与抑制

程琳 Lin CHENG, 冯晋霞 Jin-xia FENG, 李渊骥 Yuan-ji LI, 张宽收 Kuan-shou ZHANG

Published Jan 1, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

本文主要开展了基于光纤信道的连续变量量子信息处理中光纤信道额外噪声的研究，首先从理论和实验上研究了光通信波段1 550 nm光场在光纤信道中由于声导波布里渊散射效应（GAWBS）引起的额外噪声的影响，理论计算出影响GAWBS效应引起额外噪声的关键参数—散射效率，并在实验上在不同距离光纤信道环境进行验证。在低本底振荡（LO）光功率和短光纤传输距离条件下，GAWBS散射效率与典型值基本一致。但随着LO光功率和光纤传输距离增加，GAWBS散射效率随之增大。在LO光功率为3 mW，光纤传输距离为20 km时，散射效率增大到典型值的8倍。在此基础上，利用脉冲调制LO光的方案抑制光纤信道的额外噪声，并在实验上验证该方案对光纤信道额外噪声抑制的影响因素。利用该方案，压缩度为3 dB的1 550 nm压缩真空态光场在单模光纤中传输距离由7 km提高至为15 km。

DOI
10.3788/jqo20243003.0301

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To try to demonstrate a quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement of photon number,1 we built a nonlinear interferometer system with a 10-km polarization-maintaining fiber. (In theory, this fiber length is nearly optimum for 1.5-μm operation.) The optical Kerr effect allows a signal beam intensity to change a probe beam phase, which can then be read out by the interferometer. A modified ring interferometer structure and feedback stabilization enabled the 1,32-μm probe to read the intensity of the 1.06-μm signal beam. We measured a χ(3) value in this fiber of3.6× 10-33(1.4×10-33)MKS when the polarization of the signal beam is coincident with (perpendicular to) that of the probe beam. The interferometer output spectrum displayed large noise peaks due to guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS)2 in the fiber. GAWBS was also observed in 5-km conventional single-mode fibers in various interferometer configurations. The coexistence of two different kinds of GAWBS (polarized and depolarized) makes it particularly difficult to obtain QND measurements. We conclude that a QND measurement system free from GAWBS noise requires differential phase detection of two pulses having the same polarization state.
非线性干涉仪借助非线性参量过程实现光场的分束与合束，具有独特的输出特性，已被广泛应用于量子测量、量子传感、量子成像等领域。尤其是利用非线性干涉仪输出信号和闲频光场的等价性，仅使用一个单光子探测器即可实现对两个关联光场在模式匹配和时域相干性等方面的表征，从而降低了对待测波段探测器的硬性要求。本文利用光子晶体光纤搭建了迈克尔逊型非线性干涉仪，其中信号光场和闲频光场分别位于1 550 nm红外光通信波段和776 nm红光波段，两者频率差约193 THz。实验中使用一个单光子探测器测量干涉仪输出的闲频光场，当调整信号光场延时或遮挡信号光时，在闲频光场中观测到干涉可见度的改变。实验结果佐记了基于光子晶体光纤的频率大失谐非线性干涉仪在红外量子测量等应用中的可行性。
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