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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

Distributed Quantum Sensing With Waveguide-coupled Quantum Emitters

Isack Padilla, Prajit Dhara, Annyun Das, Saikat Guha, Kanu Sinha

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a setup for sensing field gradients via waveguide-coupled quantum emitters. We demonstrate that delayed (non-Markovian) interactions between such macroscopically separated emitters enhance the quantum Fisher information associated with estimating field gradients.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2025.qth3a.32

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We explore an array of quantum emitters as non-equilibrium probes, coupled to a one-dimensional photonic waveguide, aiming to estimate its properties such as wave number which encodes the waveguide frequency and dispersive characteristics. By considering transient dynamics following initial excitation, we show that the quantum Fisher information (QFI) can be significantly enhanced through careful emitter positioning. For two-emitter probes, optimal spacing stabilizes populations and coherences in the single-excitation subspace, suppressing super radiant decay and extending both the magnitude and longevity of QFI. Randomized emitter configurations also reveal that vanishing waveguide-mediated cross decay maximizes both achievable sensitivity and the temporal duration over which information about the parameter remains accessible. Extending to multipartite probes, we demonstrate that the maximum QFI and its temporal integral scale with system size, exceeding the Heisenberg limit for all positioning strategies. Our results highlight the potential of waveguide-coupled emitter arrays as versatile quantum sensors, where collective radiative dynamics can be harnessed to achieve tunable, long-lived, and enhanced precision.
We study the collective radiative decay of a system of two two-level emitters coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide in a regime where their separation is comparable to the coherence length of a spontaneously emitted photon. The electromagnetic field propagating in the cavity-like geometry formed by the emitters exerts a retarded backaction on the system leading to strongly non-Markovian dynamics. The collective spontaneous emission rate of the emitters exhibits an enhancement or inhibition beyond the usual Dicke superradiance and subradiance due to self-consistent coherent time-delayed feedback.