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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

Towards Optical Networking of Superconducting Quantum Nodes: Characterization of Two-Mode Squeezed States and an Opto-Electro-Mechanical Quantum Transducer

Siva T. Pradyumna, Jacob H. Davidson, Sarang Mittal, Kazemi Adachi, Maxwell D. Urmey, Luca G. Talamo, Sheng-Xiang Lin, S. Dickson, Cindy A. Regal, Konrad W. Lehnert, Tasshi Dennis

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Non-degenerate, bright, two-mode squeezed states of 2.6 dB were generated for injection into a quantum transducer cavity. We employed a series of Gaussian states to quantify the information capacity from optical to microwave domains.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2025.qth4c.2

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Doubly parametric quantum transducers, such as electro-optomechanical devices, show promise for providing the critical link between quantum information encoded in highly disparate frequencies such as in the optical and microwave domains. This technology would enable long-distance networking of superconducting quantum computers. Rapid experimental progress has resulted in impressive reductions in decoherence from mechanisms such as thermal noise, loss, and limited cooperativities. However, the fundamental requirements on transducer parameters necessary to achieve quantum operation have yet to be characterized. In this work we find simple, protocol-independent expressions for the necessary and sufficient conditions under which doubly parametric transducers in the resolved-sideband, steady-state limit are capable of entangling optical and microwave modes. Our analysis treats the transducer as a two-mode bosonic Gaussian channel capable of both beamsplitter-type and two-mode squeezing-type interactions between optical and microwave modes. For the beamsplitter-type interaction, we find parameter thresholds that distinguish regions of the channel's separability, capacity for bound entanglement, and capacity for distillable entanglement. By contrast, the two-mode squeezing-type interaction always produces distillable entanglement with no restrictions on temperature, cooperativities, or losses. Counterintuitively, for both interactions, we find that achieving quantum operation does not require either a quantum cooperativity exceeding one, or ground-state cooling of the mediating mode. Finally, we discuss where two state-of-the-art implementations are relative to these thresholds and show that current devices operating in either mode of operation are in principle capable of entangling optical and microwave modes.
Doubly parametric quantum transducers (DPTs), such as electro-optomechanical devices, show promise as quantum interconnects between the optical and microwave domains, thereby enabling long-distance quantum networks between superconducting qubit systems. However, any transducer will inevitably introduce loss and noise that will degrade the performance of a quantum network. We explore how DPTs can be used to construct a network capable of distributing remote two-mode microwave entanglement over an optical link by comparing 14 different network topologies. The 14 topologies we analyze consist of combinations of different transducer operations, entangled resources, and entanglement-swapping measurements. For each topology, we derive a necessary and sufficient analytic threshold on DPT parameters that must be exceeded in order to distribute microwave-microwave entanglement. We find that the thresholds are dependent on the given network topology, along with the available entanglement resources and measurement capabilities. In the high-optical-loss limit, which is relevant to realistic networks, we find that down-conversion of each half of an optical two-mode squeezed vacuum state is the most robust topology. Finally, using currently achievable experimental capabilities, we find the encouraging result that several of these topologies could produce microwave-microwave entanglement. However, most of these topologies cannot work given current transducer performance, which demonstrates the importance of thoroughly analyzing all possible networks.