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Journal of Low Temperature Physics

The Compressibility at Unitarity: A Superfluid Signature in Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gases

D. K. Watson

Published Jul 29, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10909-025-03318-y

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We propose a Bragg spectroscopy experiment to measure the onset of superfluid pairing in ultracold trapped Fermi gases. In particular, we study two-component Fermi gases in the weak coupling BCS and Bose Einstein condensation limits as well as in the strong coupling unitarity limit. The low-temperature Bragg spectrum exhibits a gap directly related to the pair-breaking energy. Furthermore, the Bragg spectrum has a large maximum just below the critical temperature when the gas is superfluid in the BCS limit. In the unitarity regime, we show how the pseudogap in the normal phase leads to a significant suppression of the low-frequency Bragg spectrum.
We discuss the thermodynamic signatures for the topological phase transitions into Majorana and Weyl superfluid phases in ultracold Fermi gases in two and three dimensions (2D and 3D) in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling and a Zeeman field. We analyze the thermodynamic properties exhibiting the distinct nature of the topological phase transitions linked with the Majorana fermions (2D Fermi gas) and Weyl fermions (3D Fermi gas) which can be observed experimentally, including pressure, chemical potential, isothermal compressibility, entropy, and specific heat, as a function of the interaction and the Zeeman field at both zero and finite temperatures. We conclude that among the various thermodynamic quantities, the isothermal compressibility and the chemical potential as functions of the artificial Zeeman field have the strongest signatures of the topological transitions in both two and three dimensions.