This study aims to increase security during the transition period against the threats posed by quantum computers to existing cryptographic systems. Since it will take time for post-quantum cryptography standards to become fully applicable, especially asymmetric encryption methods face serious security risks. In this context, a hybrid encryption method that is more resistant to quantum computer attacks is proposed in the study. The proposed method aims to increase the security of asymmetric algorithms by using pre-shared symmetric key (PSK). In this approach, key distribution is made secure by using symmetric encryption algorithms resistant to quantum attacks such as AES-256. Thus, existing systems gain temporary protection against quantum threats and the transition process is managed more securely. This study examines the integration of symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods, evaluating the performance and potential security risks of the hybrid approach. It is aimed that the proposed method will contribute to the modernization of national and international cryptographic infrastructure and provide a critical Intermediate solution in the transition process to the post-quantum era.
This study aims to increase security during the transition period against the threats posed by quantum computers to existing cryptographic systems. Since it will take time for post-quantum cryptography standards to become fully applicable, especially asymmetric encryption methods face serious security risks. In this context, a hybrid encryption method that is more resistant to quantum computer attacks is proposed in the study. The proposed method aims to increase the security of asymmetric algorithms by using pre-shared symmetric key (PSK). In this approach, key distribution is made secure by using symmetric encryption algorithms resistant to quantum attacks such as AES-256. Thus, existing systems gain temporary protection against quantum threats and the transition process is managed more securely. This study examines the integration of symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods, evaluating the performance and potential security risks of the hybrid approach. It is aimed that the proposed method will contribute to the modernization of national and international cryptographic infrastructure and provide a critical Intermediate solution in the transition process to the post-quantum era.
Cryptography, the practice of concealing messages for private exchange, has evolved significantly to address the challenges posed by new communication methods. In today`s digital world, cryptography has become the cornerstone of cybersecurity, using advanced mathematics like number theory and computational complexity to protect digital information through algorithms. The upcoming arrival of quantum computers poses a serious threat to traditional cryptographic methods, especially those based on asymmetric key cryptography. Quantum Safe Cryptography (QSC) represents the next step in information security, designed to develop cryptographic systems that can withstand attacks from both quantum and classical computers. As quantum computing moves from theory to reality, it`s becoming clear that current cryptographic methods based on integer factorization and discrete logarithm problems are vulnerable to quantum algorithms like Shor`s algorithm. This study highlights the security risks that quantum computing poses to existing encryption methods and proposes a comprehensive approach to quantum-safe cryptography. The transition to quantum-resistant algorithms involves replacing vulnerable cryptographic systems with alternatives that can resist quantum computational attacks. Current analysis shows that while asymmetric key cryptography faces immediate vulnerability, symmetric key algorithms and hash functions remain relatively secure in the near term with appropriate adjustments. Quantum cryptography, which directly uses quantum mechanical principles, offers highly secure encryption mechanisms, notably Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). This research aims to enhance the security of digital infrastructure against quantum threats by evaluating hybrid cryptographic implementations that combine classical and quantum-resistant approaches for optimal security.
With the current increase in the rate of quantum computing, traditional cryptographic algorithms face a significant risk of compromise, as they are based on mathematical problems that quantum algorithms can efficiently solve. One solution to this challenge has come up in the form of post-quantum cryptography (PQC). By having a hybrid encrypted solution that combines the two different encryption algorithms, NTRU quantum-resistant and fast AES symmetric-key, with a well-integrated combination presented in this paper, we aim to usher in secure and safe data in the post-quantum era. This mixed regime is the most advanced approach that combines classical and quantum encryption. We compare the performance of the system with that of standalone AES, NTRU, and RSA-based systems, examining aspects such as encryption, decryption, key generation, and key size. Benchmarks indicate that the hybrid system has an overhead, but its performance is passable; encryption times are 60ms and 14000ms for 1 KB and 5000 KB of data, respectively, compared to 12ms for 1 KB and 50ms for 5000 KB by AES and NTRU. The same can be said about decryption, with the hybrid system being more efficient than NTRU but still slower than AES. The NTRU key generation times were depicted as unfavorable compared to those of AES, and this margin was seen to increase as the key sizes of NTRU were varied. Compared to executing the same algorithm on a classical computer, the hybrid system is relatively computationally expensive but offers strong quantum resistance. A hybrid encryption system based on the AES-NTRU is a solution to the quantum computing threat to data security. Later projects will be based around various efforts to optimize the NTRU system, also including hardware acceleration opportunities and an increase in the system utilization in real-life environments.
In the last few years the threat of quantum computers has become bigger and bigger. The fast computing of the quantum computers puts everything in danger that relies on classical cryptographic algorithms. The question of when a large-scale quantum computer will be built cannot be exactly answered yet. According to the Cloud Security Alliance at around 2030 the power of quantum computers will increase so that the risk for exposure of traditionally encrypted data will be very high. PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) relies on asymmetric cryptographic algorithms and is widely used in many fields. So it is important that it will be completely safe. The way to provide that is to change traditional cryptographic algorithms to post-quantum cryptography algorithms or hybrid solutions. To this, we review in this paper the basics of classical PKI and quantum cryptography methods and the threat of quantum computing for PKI. We present quantum-safe solutions already in use and recommend new, well-performing solutions for a quantum-resistant PKI by comparison.
Quantum computing provides an imminent threat to conventional cryptographic schemes; algorithms run on quantum computers directly risk the public encryption keys used in these types of cryptosystems. In this paper, we present a hybrid cryptosystem that combines pre-quantum algorithms with post-quantum ones to withstand quantum assaults. We simulate conventional and quantum assaults on encrypted data and demonstrate that the suggested hybrid is more resistant to quantum threats. To ensure the model's validity, performance evaluations on time-to-crack and resource efficiency are carried out. Our findings indicate hybrid cryptography as an intermediate approach in the quantum realm.
With quantum computing technology getting better and faster, many current encryption methods may no longer be safe. One major concern is the SNDL or “Store Now, Decrypt Later” attack [1]. In this scenario, attackers collect and store encrypted data now, planning to decrypt it in the future once quantum computers become strong enough. This is especially risky for public-key systems like RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography [2]. This research focuses on how to keep data safe during the time before post-quantum cryptographic standards are fully rolled out. We review and compare several existing encryption methods. RSA is discussed in terms of its known weaknesses and how it is still used in some hybrid systems. AES, especially AES-256, is looked at for its better performance and stronger protection even in a post-quantum world. We also explore hybrid systems that mix different methods to cover up each other's weak spots. Lastly, we present a new layered hybrid model that brings together classical and post-quantum techniques. The proposed system uses PQC for authentication, Quantum Key Distribution for secure key exchange, and AES for encrypting the actual data.
Many traditional encryption techniques commonly used in financial systems face serious threats from the rapid development of quantum computing. Quantum attacks based on Shor's and Grover's algorithm are effective against the RSA, and ECC methods that secure online banking, digital payments, and interbank communications. To mitigate on this increasing risk, this paper suggests hybrid cryptographic architecture based on symmetric encryption, post-quantum cryptography (PQC), and quantum key distribution (QKD) for secure financial transactions. The Quantum-resistant security significance comes because the financial models produce massive data sets for fraud detection and predictive risk. Not only does it offer the previously unreachable computational capabilities, but also utilizes the potentials of large-scale financial data analytics to make the decision-making process fast and well informed, and in this light, the present research recommends a hybrid cryptographic approach with an integrated security framework for the financial sector that combines symmetric encryption, post-quantum cryptography (PQC), and quantum key distribution (QKD). The proposed structure relies on (1) the quantum-resistance of PQC for resilience and authentication, (2) the information-theoretic security of QKD for key establishment, and (3) the efficacy of symmetric cryptography for protecting high-throughput transactions. The framework covers the short-term practical limitations and long-term quantum risks based on the combined use of quantum and conventional security primitives. This paper points out the role and transformation of digital financial ecosystem in the quantum era by elaborating challenges, opportunities and future of quantum cryptography in the banking industry.