The explosive growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized sectors through enhanced connectivity and automation. However, this growth brings along serious security issues, particularly with the advent of quantum computing that directly threatens classical cryptographic systems. This study presents a novel cryptographic system known as QRC_BIKAES, which integrates Bit-Flipping Key Encapsulation (BIKE) for post-quantum secure key exchange and AES-128 for data encryption for lightweight applications. The system was developed using Python and tested via simulation on a typical desktop environment to assess performance, scalability, and efficiency. Performance results showed efficient cryptographic operations. BIKE key encapsulation and decapsulation took approximately 0.001 seconds, and AES encryption and decryption operated in milliseconds. The system also demonstrated scalability when tested with 1000 simulated IoT devices. The QRC_BIKAES framework ensures secure, quantum-resistant, and resource-efficient IoT communication, offering a promising direction for future-proofing IoT infrastructures against emerging quantum threats.
The explosive growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized sectors through enhanced connectivity and automation. However, this growth brings along serious security issues, particularly with the advent of quantum computing that directly threatens classical cryptographic systems. This study presents a novel cryptographic system known as QRC_BIKAES, which integrates Bit-Flipping Key Encapsulation (BIKE) for post-quantum secure key exchange and AES-128 for data encryption for lightweight applications. The system was developed using Python and tested via simulation on a typical desktop environment to assess performance, scalability, and efficiency. Performance results showed efficient cryptographic operations. BIKE key encapsulation and decapsulation took approximately 0.001 seconds, and AES encryption and decryption operated in milliseconds. The system also demonstrated scalability when tested with 1000 simulated IoT devices. The QRC_BIKAES framework ensures secure, quantum-resistant, and resource-efficient IoT communication, offering a promising direction for future-proofing IoT infrastructures against emerging quantum threats.
The rapid growth of IoT networks has developed connectivity and automation, leading to significant advancements across various domains. However, this expansion is challenging but rather seriously making with the introduction of quantum computing, as it is currently a strong threat to all the established cryptography-based applications. To address these related drawbacks, this study proposes a novel quantum-resistant cryptographic framework called QRC_BIKAES for secure IoT communication. The proposed QRC_BIKAES framework integrates Bit-Flipping Key Encapsulation (BIKE), a Post-Quantum Cryptographic (PQC) algorithm, with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES-128) for its lightweight and efficient data encryption. BIKE ensures robust, quantum-resistant key generation and exchange, while AES-128 provides fast and resource-efficient data encryption suitable for constrained IoT devices. By combining these complementary techniques, the framework effectively addresses quantum security threats while maintaining scalability and performance in resource-constrained IoT environments. This approach presents a significant advancement in IoT security and establishes a resilient and future-ready communication infrastructure.
The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has connected billions of smart devices across healthcare, transportation, industrial automation, and smart home environments. While IoT has enhanced automation and data-driven decision-making, its widespread deployment has also increased the risk of cyberattacks. Conventional public-key cryptographic algorithms such as RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) are vulnerable to future quantum computing attacks, particularly those based on Shor's algorithm. This paper proposes a Quantum-Resistant Cryptographic Framework (QRCF) for secure IoT communication using lattice-based cryptography integrated with lightweight authentication and efficient key management. The framework is designed to meet the computational limitations of IoT devices while ensuring long-term confidentiality and integrity. Performance evaluation demonstrates improvements in security resilience, authentication efficiency, and communication reliability compared with traditional cryptographic approaches. The proposed framework offers a scalable and future-ready solution for protecting IoT ecosystems in the post-quantum era.
The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has revolutionized digital communication, yet it simultaneously poses unprecedented security challenges due to constrained device capabilities and increasing cyber threats. Conventional cryptographic techniques, while currently effective, are vulnerable to emerging quantum computing technologies that threaten to render classical encryption obsolete. This paper explores the integration of quantum-safe cryptographic techniques within IoT networks to ensure long-term confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. It examines post-quantum cryptographic primitives, including lattice-based, hash-based, multivariate, and code-based schemes, and evaluates their suitability for resource-constrained IoT environments. The study focuses on lightweight implementation strategies, balancing computational efficiency with robust security requirements. Simulation analyses demonstrate that properly optimized quantum safe protocols can provide resilient encryption, key exchange, and digital signature functionalities without overwhelming device resources. Furthermore, the integration of these techniques with IoT communication standards and secure network protocols ensures end-to-end protection across heterogeneous networks. Challenges such as latency, energy consumption, and scalability are addressed, highlighting the necessity of tailored cryptographic solutions for diverse IoT applications. The findings confirm that quantum safe cryptography is essential for future-proofing IoT networks, offering sustainable security measures that remain resilient against both classical and quantum adversaries, thereby supporting the continued expansion of secure and intelligent interconnected systems.
This massive rate of expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought about an immediate demand of safer and efficient communication methods with the capacity to endure upcoming cyber threats of the quantum age. Conventional cryptographic keys like RSA and ECC are getting more susceptible to quantum attacks and thus quantum-proof modules should be developed. This study introduces a Quantum-Resilient Communication Protocol, a lightweight cryptography-authentication post-quantum cryptography protocol, an integration of lattice and AES-GCM encryption with HMAC-based authentication to enable more resource-constrained IoT devices to be amely secured. MATLAB and NS-3 were used to simulate the proposed protocol and the performance of the proposed protocol was compared to a traditional ECC-based IoT protocol. The findings indicated that QRCP had improvement in the latency, throughput and energy savings over 40 percent and it was found that QRCP resisted quantum attack of Shor and Grover. The results justify the practicality of integrating the post-quantum cryptographic exceptors in the IoT network and provide a scalable, energy-saving, and future-enabling paradigm of the secure communication in the quantum era of computational computing.
The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its integration into critical infrastructures has elevated the need for robust and future-proof security mechanisms. Traditional cryptographic systems, while effective today, are increasingly vulnerable to advancements in quantum computing. This paper explores the integration of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) as a novel security paradigm for next-generation IoT ecosystems. QKD leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to enable unconditionally secure key exchange, immune to computational attacks. We propose an architecture where QKD-enabled edge gateways and IoT nodes facilitate real-time secure communication through quantum-secured channels. The study analyzes the feasibility of implementing QKD in resource-constrained IoT environments and evaluates its performance in terms of key generation rate, latency, and energy consumption. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed QKD-IoT framework significantly outperforms conventional encryption protocols in resisting both classical and quantum-based attacks, making it a viable foundation for building post-quantum resilient IoT infrastructures. The research also outlines the challenges related to scalability, hardware integration, and key management, and proposes solutions through hybrid QKD-classical cryptography models. This work paves the way for a quantum-secure IoT future, ensuring trust, privacy, and integrity in hyper-connected digital ecosystems.
The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a significant role in shaping different aspects of our lives. IoT devices have become increasingly important due to their ability to connect, collect, and analyze data, automate processes, improve safety and efficiency, and deliver personalized experiences. However, the advancement in quantum computer development poses a significant threat to resource-constrained IoT devices. This new generation of computers can break the classic public-key cryptographic schemes and digital signatures implemented in these IoT devices. While protecting IoT devices from quantum computer attacks poses many challenges, researchers are continuously making significant progress in developing lightweight post-quantum cryptographic algorithms for efficient key exchange mechanisms and digital signature algorithms tailored to IoT devices to overcome this issue. This paper proposes Q-SECURE, a post-Quantum resistant Security Enhancing Cryptography for Unified Resource-constrained device Encryption. A novel scheme that enables any IoT system to leverage the assistance of other devices in the network to gain the capability to generate any proposed post-quantum cryptographic key of a given size using distributed and parallel computing.