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International Symposium on Computer Technology and Information Science (ISCTIS)

Quantum Communication Stability and the Evolution of Local Quantum Uncertainty under Noisy Channels

Hui Li

Published May 16, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This study calculates the evolution of local quantum uncertainty (LQU) in open quantum systems under various noise conditions, including amplitude damping, depolarizing, phase damping, and their combinations. Using the operator-sum representation, we analyze the behavior of LQU for a quantum state and reveal distinct patterns of LQU changes under different noise types. Our results show that while quantum entanglement often experiences sudden death, LQU exhibits more resilience, with abrupt changes observed under specific noise combinations. Notably, we find that phase damping noise, which induces random phase fluctuations without energy loss, leads to unique behaviors in LQU. This work provides novel insights into the robustness of quantum states against noise, highlighting the importance of distinguishing between different noise mechanisms in quantum information processing. Our findings contribute to the development of strategies for mitigating noise effects in quantum communication and computing.

DOI
10.1109/isctis65944.2025.11065340

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This study calculates the evolution of local quantum uncertainty (LQU) in open quantum systems under various noise conditions, including amplitude damping, depolarizing, phase damping, and their combinations. Using the operator-sum representation, we analyze the behavior of LQU for a quantum state and reveal distinct patterns of LQU changes under different noise types. Our results show that while quantum entanglement often experiences sudden death, LQU exhibits more resilience, with abrupt changes observed under specific noise combinations. Notably, we find that phase damping noise, which induces random phase fluctuations without energy loss, leads to unique behaviors in LQU. This work provides novel insights into the robustness of quantum states against noise, highlighting the importance of distinguishing between different noise mechanisms in quantum information processing. Our findings contribute to the development of strategies for mitigating noise effects in quantum communication and computing.
Abstract Recently, local quantum uncertainty (LQU) as a measure of quantum correlations has been proposed by Girolami et al . We here have investigated the LQU dynamics in a pair of qubits system subjected to either local or collective classical phase noises. The explicit analytical expressions of LQU for the two-qubit system of interest initially in a Werner state under these dephasing noises have been derived. We compare the dynamics of LQU with that of entanglement as measured with concurrence. Our results show that LQU always decays asymptotically while the entanglement displays sudden death phenomenon. Besides, there is no simple relation between the LQU and entanglement since LQU may be smaller or larger than entanglement. Finally, we try to protect LQU against the dephasing noise by means of filtering operation.
Quantum entanglement manifests as a distinctive correlation between particles that transcends classical boundaries when their quantum states cannot be described independently. On the other hand, as quantum systems interact with their surroundings, decoherence emerges, leading to the gradual decay of quantum coherence and entanglement. In the case of entanglement, this is known as entanglement sudden death (ESD). Decoherence mechanisms are examined, focusing on how various environmental factors, such as thermal, electromagnetic, and collisional decoherence, influence the integrity of entangled states. The role of quantum noise, such as amplitude damping, phase damping, and depolarizing, is also analyzed. By integrating theoretical insights with experimental findings, this study highlights the delicate balance between maintaining entanglement and mitigating decoherence. The findings have significant implications for the development of quantum technologies, including quantum computing and quantum communication, where preserving entanglement is crucial for achieving robust and reliable performance.
We systematically characterize quantum entanglement in all sixteen combinations of two-qubit Bell states across three operational regimes: pure superposition, noiseless mixing, and asymmetric mixing of one noisy and one pure Bell state. For pure superpositions, we calculate the von Neumann entropy and show that entanglement depends critically on the relative phase phi between superposed states. For mixed states, we use concurrence C under three physically motivated decoherence channels. The Depolarizing (DP) and Phase Damping (PD) channels are modeled as global, collective operations on the two-qubit Hilbert space, while Amplitude Damping (AD) is treated as independent local decay on each qubit, reflecting the asymmetric, energy-dissipating nature of spontaneous emission. A central and counterintuitive result is that increasing noise can raise concurrence in specific parameter regimes across all three channels. We further map the boundary between mathematical entanglement (C > 0) and operational quantum non-locality using the Horodecki criterion, finding this boundary to be strongly channel-dependent. Under Phase Damping, the Bell-local entanglement regime vanishes entirely for identical and same-bases mixtures, meaning any surviving entanglement guarantees a CHSH violation. Under Depolarizing noise, a large Bell-local region requires mixing probability r > 1/sqrt(2) to recover non-locality at maximum noise. For Amplitude Damping, certain mixtures exhibit a non-monotonic Horodecki parameter M(T): concurrence decreases monotonically with noise, yet the capacity for CHSH violation is lost at intermediate noise levels and restored at high noise, as maximal damping repurifies the noisy branch. These results provide a unified analytical reference for entanglement and non-locality management across Bell-state combinations and decoherence channels relevant to NISQ architectures.
In this paper, we study entanglement dynamics of a two-qubit extended Werner-like state locally interacting with independent noisy channels, i.e., amplitude damping, phase damping, and depolarizing channels. We show that the purity of initial entangled state has direct impacts on the entanglement robustness in each noisy channel. That is, if the initial entangled state is prepared in mixed instead of pure form, the state may exhibit entanglement sudden death (ESD) and/or be decreased for the critical probability at which the entanglement disappear.
Entanglement is an important resource for various applications of quantum computation. Another important endeavor is to establish the role of entanglement in practical implementation where system of interest is affected by various kinds of noisy channels. Here, a single classical bit is used to send information under the influence of a noisy quantum channel. The entanglement content of quantum states is computed under noisy channels such as amplitude damping, phase damping, squeesed generalised amplitude damping, Pauli channels and various collective noise models on the protocols of quantum key distribution.