Mathematics, Relativity, and Quantum Wave Equations

Jason cole

Espen Gaarder Haug

We will here show that there is one more relativistic wave equation rooted in the relativistic energy Compton moment relation, which should not be confused with the standard relativistic energy momentum relation. The standard momentum is, from a quantum perspective, rooted in the de Broglie wave. The de Broglie wave is not mathematically defined for rest-mass particles and has strange properties such as converging to infinity when the particle is almost at rest. As mentioned in the previous paper, the de Broglie wave is likely just a mathematical derivative of the true matter wave, which we have good reasons to think is the Compton wave. A wave equation that satisfies the relativistic energy Compton momentum relation will, in addition automatically satisfy the standard relativistic energy momentum relation, so there is no conflict between these two relations. The new one related to Compton is just the deeper reality and help explain why it gives simpler and more elegant relativistic wave equations, which are likely easier to interpret in terms of the physical reality.

Georges Lochak, Regis Dutheil

Espen Gaarder Haug

In this paper, we discuss in brief the most common wave equations in quantum mechanics and some recent development in wave mechanics. We also present two new quantum wave mechanics equations based on the Compton momentum. We also question the idea that energy and mass are scalars, and we claim they are vectors instead. We have good reasons to think that the standard momentum is a mathematical derivative of the more fundamental Compton momentum. This will hopefully simplify interpretations of quantum mechanics significantly; our new relativistic wave equations look promising, but need further investigation into what they predict. This way of looking at quantum mechanics in new light is not in conflict with existing equations, but they are supplemental to the collection of existing wave equations. We prove mathematically that if one satisfies our new relativistic energy Compton momentum relation, one also satisfies the standard relativistic energy momentum relation automatically. They are two sides of the same coin, where the relations to the Compton wavelength likely represent the deeper reality, so we have reasons to think our new wave mechanics addresses a deeper level of understanding than the existing conception. We also look at our new wave equation in relation to hydrogen-like atoms; we follow the “standard approach” used for the Schro dinger equation of putting it in polar coordinate form and, by change of variables, finding three ODEs and their solutions. We give a table summary of our new ODEs and their solutions compared to the well-known solutions of the Schro dinger equation.

Alaa S. Bayoumi

Since the interest in the quantum phenomena started, there have been two main approaches to the quantum theory, the first approach investigates the motion of a wave-particle object by assuming the wave has the characteristics of a moving particle, momentum and energy, this approach was developed by physicists Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and others. The second approach investigates the motion of a particle-wave object by assuming the particle has the characteristics of a moving wave, wavelength, wave vector, and frequency, this approach was developed by physicists De Broglie, Schrodinger and others which led to the presence of quantum mechanics. This article focuses on the second approach and merging it with classical mechanics. An early mathematical formulation for the quantum theory was proposed by De Broglie’s relations and later on, another formulation was given by Schrodinger’s equation. A successful attempt to bridge the gap between classical mechanics with quantum theory implemented via a mathematical derivation for De Broglie’s relations and Schrodinger formulation, The derivation process overcame a main obstacle was the convergence of the deterministic nature of classical mechanics with the probabilistic nature of the quantum theory by adopting an innovative method based upon replacing constant values in a deterministic relation with probabilistic variables in the same relation, and this led to switch the relation from deterministic representation to probabilistic representation. Both classical and quantum explanation are given for the deduced formulas. An energy approach is instrumented. Since classical mechanics formulas are not sufficient to explain the quantum phenomena, a new concept of complementary energy introduced in order to connect the parameters of a moving particle with the parameters of an associated wave, the value of the complementary energy for each particle adjusted the total energy equation of N moving particles without changing the magnitude of the total energy of a system of N particles. In special cases, the value of the complementary energy for some particles equals the value of the total energy for the particles. The derivation process indicates that complementary energy corresponds to the potential energy on the surface of the material which prevents the particles to escape from the boundary of the matter to the outer space and maintains its coherence, complementary energy concept also manifest the impact of the moving particles on a single particle due to the energy conveyed during direct contact in case of collision or by the remote influence through an existing field in the space, so it represents an energy of dual nature for both matter and radiation wave combined. The complementary energy is not introduced as mathematical assumption in order to manipulate the total energy equation, it’s actually exists in the total energy equation and its validity has not been applied before. A general format for any potential energy is obtained regardless the nature of field it represents (a universal format for potential energy) that is by using mathematical manipulation for the equation of total energy of N moving particles. The derivation process led to a particle-wave formula. The substitution into the particle-wave formula with the speed of light, De Broglie’s relations, revealed. Some additional applications for the particle-wave formula are suggested, also as a well known energy quantization formula obtained by applying all of De Broglie’s relation, a general energy, and speed formulas resulting during the derivation process. Matching time independent equation called Schrodinger’s amplitude equation with classical mechanics formulation demonstrated by deducing both the wave function and the magnitude of the wave vector from the classical formulation after converting it to probabilistic formulation. A dedicated section for wave function solutions for Schrodinger’s time dependent equation was given in terms of the wave functions and the magnitude of the wave vectors obtained from the matching process of Schrodinger’s amplitude equation with classical mechanics.