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Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience

Quantum‐Resilient Cloud Data Protection: A Novel Framework for Secure Encryption and Key Exchange

Swetha Gadde, Ananda Kumar Kurilinga Sannalingappa, Hanumantharao Nadendla, Nageswararao Eluri, Gowrisankar Kalakoti, Venkata Srinivasu Veesam

Published Jul 8, 2025• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

ABSTRACT Nowadays, securing data in the cloud is a challenging task; hence, many studies are being conducted on the use of cryptographic techniques for authentication‐based cloud data security. Apart from traditional cryptographic techniques, data encryption can also utilize certain physical principles of quantum models, known as cryptography. In the existing method, the secure quantum key distribution for cloud data security (SQKD‐CDS) model has high computational complexity and low storage efficiency. However, the quantum cryptography‐based cloud security (QC‐CSM) model uses an optical fiber connection to prevent attackers from altering the secret key shared with the network. This paper presents a novel model called enhanced non‐Abelian NTRU (N‐th degree truncated polynomial ring encryption) (En‐naNTRU) with supersingular isogeny key exchange (SIKE). SIKE's function is to generate a secure key exchange mechanism; thus, it communicates with two parties using a shared session key. This session key acts as a symmetric key for encrypting messages. However, the En‐naNTRU uses this session key to encrypt and decrypt the message securely. The En‐naNTRU handles both encryption and decryption mechanisms. Thus, the integrated method combines and ensures robust security against both quantum and classical threats. The proposed model evaluates computation time, integrity score, encryption and decryption time, processing time, and memory utilization and compares the performance of integrity‐based encryption to attribute‐based encryption. Therefore, the proposed model reduces time complexity and effectively outperforms both classical and quantum security.

DOI
10.1002/cpe.70178

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ABSTRACT Nowadays, securing data in the cloud is a challenging task; hence, many studies are being conducted on the use of cryptographic techniques for authentication‐based cloud data security. Apart from traditional cryptographic techniques, data encryption can also utilize certain physical principles of quantum models, known as cryptography. In the existing method, the secure quantum key distribution for cloud data security (SQKD‐CDS) model has high computational complexity and low storage efficiency. However, the quantum cryptography‐based cloud security (QC‐CSM) model uses an optical fiber connection to prevent attackers from altering the secret key shared with the network. This paper presents a novel model called enhanced non‐Abelian NTRU (N‐th degree truncated polynomial ring encryption) (En‐naNTRU) with supersingular isogeny key exchange (SIKE). SIKE's function is to generate a secure key exchange mechanism; thus, it communicates with two parties using a shared session key. This session key acts as a symmetric key for encrypting messages. However, the En‐naNTRU uses this session key to encrypt and decrypt the message securely. The En‐naNTRU handles both encryption and decryption mechanisms. Thus, the integrated method combines and ensures robust security against both quantum and classical threats. The proposed model evaluates computation time, integrity score, encryption and decryption time, processing time, and memory utilization and compares the performance of integrity‐based encryption to attribute‐based encryption. Therefore, the proposed model reduces time complexity and effectively outperforms both classical and quantum security.
Data security challenges in cloud computing have grown as a fundamental issue because of rising cyber threats during this period. The proposed model QC-CSM relies on the quantum key distribution process (QKDP) and ABE to use quantum cryptography in developing a cloud security framework that enhances security measures. The model provides key distribution together with authentication and encryption security through the application of the quantum no-cloning theorem alongside quantum mechanics principles. The experimental results conducted through CloudSim and iQuantum generate data that confirms the model exhibits efficient performance across storage, encryption, and processing speed. The key generation process takes 35% less time than conventional multi-authority attribute-based encryption (MAABE) and pairing-based provable multi-copy data possession (PB-PMDP) encryption methods. Additionally, the encryption and decryption operations operate at optimized speeds. The reduction of storage overhead (SO) amounts to 20% which leads to improved memory performance. The model demonstrates effective detection abilities to identify quantum key distribution (QKD) network eavesdropping which prevents secure network breaches. The experimental data demonstrate that QC-CSM delivers both a secure platform and a scalable and efficient cloud security infrastructure. The chapter shows that quantum cryptography enables cloud system protection when it incorporates QKD components with contemporary encryption technologies.
Now securing data in the cloud has become more complicated. In cloud environments, the data security based on the concept of authentication using cryptographic techniques is being checked. In addition to traditional encryption methods, quantum cryptography is gaining popularity and uses the concepts of quantum physics for the encryption of data. The Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) that quantum cryptography brings enhanced security, as it provides resistance against many of the prevailing cyber threats. This paper introduces the Secure Quantum Key Distribution (SQKD-CDS) for cloud data security, a new simulation framework. This method encrypts user data through non-Abelian encryption (NAE) for which strong data protection is provided. The Quantum Key also provides data on cloud servers with easy access. Quantum methods are used to efficiently distribute this key among nodes. The proposed cloud simulator is used to determine the effectiveness of the proposed simulation model. The obtained results revealed that the SQKD-CDS algorithm was quite efficient in comparison to the traditional security visualization algorithm, both in terms of time complexity and computational requirements.
This research develops SQKD-CDS as a Secure Quantum Key Distribution for Cloud Data Security model which strengthens cloud information protection. NAE and QKD technologies work together in the model to establish secure key-sharing and encryption systems. QKD transmits secret keys by quantum principles through secure channels to stop eavesdropping because of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. The encryption method applies non-commutative cryptographic structures which create a higher level of security protection. A secret key created through the Diffie-Hellman algorithm allows cloud administration personnel to authenticate with their users during mutual verification. The CloudSim tool proves that SQKD-CDS improves safety levels while shortening encryption and decryption processes along with enhancing storage capacity utilization. SQKD-CDS demonstrates superior performance through its lower QBER and faster key group times which reach 24.7 ms when implementing 50 files. The model provides protection against denial-of-service occurrences as well as man-in-the-middle breaches. SQKD-CDS reducing memory consumption to 135.5 KB while showing improved security characteristics to be considered as a quantum cryptographic solution for storing cloud data safely.
The rise of cloud computing has transformed data storage and processing but introduced new vulnerabilities, especially with the impending threat of quantum computing. Traditional cryptographic methods, though currently effective, are at risk of being compromised by quantum attacks. This research aims to develop a quantum-resistant security framework for cloud environments, combining lattice-based cryptography with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols, particularly the E91 protocol, for secure key management. The framework also incorporates quantum authentication protocols to enhance user identity verification, protecting against unauthorized access and tampering. The proposed solution balances robust security with practical implementation, ensuring scalability and efficiency in real-world cloud environments. Performance evaluations indicate an encryption time of approximately 30 milliseconds, outperforming existing methods such as RSA and DES. This research contributes to the development of future-proof cryptographic standards, addressing both current security challenges and emerging quantum computing threats. By leveraging quantum mechanics, the framework strengthens cloud-based data protection, providing a resilient solution against evolving cyber risks. The results hold significant promise for advancing cloud security, laying the groundwork for next-generation encryption techniques that can withstand the threats posed by quantum computing.
Quantum cryptographic protocols offer transformative potential for enhancing cloud security by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics. These protocols ensure unbreakable encryption through quantum key distribution (QKD), where security is derived from the fundamental properties of quantum particles. Unlike classical encryption, which relies on computational complexity, quantum cryptography guarantees data protection by preventing unauthorized access, as any attempt to intercept quantum keys alters their state and can be immediately detected. This paper explores the application of quantum cryptographic protocols in securing cloud environments, addressing vulnerabilities posed by classical encryption techniques in the face of growing computational power. Key protocols, such as BB84 and E91, are analyzed for their potential in securing cloud infrastructure, offering enhanced confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data. Additionally, this study highlights the integration of quantum cryptography with modern cloud architectures, overcoming challenges such as scalability and implementation cost. By employing quantum-resistant strategies, these protocols provide a robust defense against emerging threats from quantum computing, making them an essential solution for future-proof cloud security. The findings demonstrate that quantum cryptography, combined with advanced cloud security practices, can ensure secure, scalable, and resilient cloud infrastructures capable of protecting sensitive data in an increasingly interconnected digital landscape.
The widespread cryptographic methods RSA and AES have become more susceptible to quantum-based attacks because researchers developed quantum algorithms such as Shor's and Grover's. QKD chromosomes from quantum mechanics grant authorized parties the ability to exchange cryptographic keys securely alongside built-in eavesdropping detection functionality. In the proposed method a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is used to integrate into cloud environments to secure data against quantum threats which have become crucial security concerns today. A new security framework for combining QKD with standard cloud utilities strengthens both access privacy and verify data integrity and ensure authentication of user information. The system framework consists of key generation from quantum elements followed by distribution through quantum channels to support secure communication protocols for Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) as well as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The key performance evaluation of the QKD system includes measurements of key generation rate together with Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) and eavesdropping detection accuracy rates. The analysis against traditional cryptographic systems proves that QKD stands superior in quantum attack resilience. The proposed system demonstrates its efficiency and robustness through simulation outcomes as well as visual representations. The presented work demonstrates both the revolutionary capability of quantum technology for cloud security along with a deployable system architecture for future systems implementation. The research work advances the creation of cloud infrastructure systems which combine high security resilience to protect against future cyber threats.