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The European Physical Journal Plus

Necessary and sufficient conditions on monogamy of multipartite entanglement

Wei Chen, Yanling Wang, Zhi‐Xiang Jin, Shao-Ming Fei, Yanmin Yang

Published Jul 6, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06570-z

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Quantum discord, an information-theoretic quantum correlation measure, can satisfy as well as violate monogamy for three-party quantum states. We quantify the feature using the concept of discord monogamy score. We find a necessary condition of a vanishing discord monogamy score for arbitrary three-party states. A necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for pure states. We prove that the class of states having a vanishing discord monogamy score cannot have arbitrarily high genuine multipartite entanglement, as quantified by generalized geometric measure. In the special case of three-qubit pure states, their classification with respect to the discord monogamy score reveals a rich structure that is different from that which had been obtained by using the monogamy score corresponding to the entanglement measure called concurrence. We investigate properties like genuine multipartite entanglement and violation of the multipartite Bell inequality for these states.
Quantum correlations are expected to respect all the conditions required for them to be good measures of quantumness in the bipartite scenario. In a multipartite setting, sharing entanglement between several parties is restricted by the monogamy of entanglement. We take over the concept of monogamy to an information-theoretic quantum correlation measure, and find that it violates monogamy in general. Using the notion of interaction information, we identify necessary and sufficient conditions for the measure to obey monogamy, for arbitrary pure and mixed quantum states. We show that while three-qubit generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states follow monogamy, generalized WWW states do not.
We consider an arbitrary ${d}_{1}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{d}_{2}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\ensuremath{\cdots}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{d}_{N}$ composite quantum system and find necessary conditions for general mmm-party subsystem states to be the reduced states of a common NNN-party state. These conditions will lead to various monogamy inequalities for bipartite quantum entanglement and partial disorder in multipartite states. Our results are tightly connected with the measures of multipartite entanglement.