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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Phase Control of Single‐Photon States in 1D Coupled‐Resonator Waveguide

Jing Li, Jing Lu, Lan Xu, Lan Zhou

Published Jun 22, 2025• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A system consisting of a two‐level system (TLS) coupled to the modes of two adjacent resonators in 1D coupled‐resonator waveguide (CRW) is studied. The single‐photon energy spectrum, transmission spectrum, and the spontaneous emission process of the TLS are considered. The focus is on the influence of the phase difference of the coupling strength. It is found that the phase difference controls the number of the bound states outside the continuous, deciding whether the occupation of the TLS's excited state at long times is residual oscillatory or non‐zero constant with one excitation initial in the TLS and the CRW in the vacuum state. The transport behavior of a single photon within a continuous spectrum is also investigated and discovered that the phase difference controls the crossover between reciprocal and nonreciprocal photon transmission when the dissipation of the TLS is present as well as the position of the transmission dip. These results provide new insights for applications in quantum information processing and quantum optics.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202500270

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Abstract A system consisting of a two‐level system (TLS) coupled to the modes of two adjacent resonators in 1D coupled‐resonator waveguide (CRW) is studied. The single‐photon energy spectrum, transmission spectrum, and the spontaneous emission process of the TLS are considered. The focus is on the influence of the phase difference of the coupling strength. It is found that the phase difference controls the number of the bound states outside the continuous, deciding whether the occupation of the TLS's excited state at long times is residual oscillatory or non‐zero constant with one excitation initial in the TLS and the CRW in the vacuum state. The transport behavior of a single photon within a continuous spectrum is also investigated and discovered that the phase difference controls the crossover between reciprocal and nonreciprocal photon transmission when the dissipation of the TLS is present as well as the position of the transmission dip. These results provide new insights for applications in quantum information processing and quantum optics.
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Single-photon scattering properties in a coupled-resonator waveguide (CRW) coupled to a nanocavity embedded with a two-level system are investigated theoretically. Two cases are considered: when the nanocavity is locally coupled to one resonator and when it is nonlocally coupled to two resonators of the CRW. The transmission and reflection amplitudes are obtained for the two cases, respectively. The results show that the position of perfect transmission remains unchanged, while the position of perfect reflection is shifted due to the nonlocal coupling. An asymmetric Fano resonance appears in the transmission spectrum and can be controlled by adjusting the coupling strengths in the nonlocal coupling case. The effects of the coupling strengths and dissipation on the transport properties are also analyzed for the two cases.
We consider a one-dimensional (1D) coupled-resonator array (CRA), where a two-level quantum emitter (2LE) is electric-dipole coupled to the modes of two adjacent resonators. We investigate the energy spectrum, the photon probability distribution of the bound states, and the emission process of the 2LE into the CRA vacuum. A quantum phase transition is found which is characterized by the change of the number of the out-of-band discrete levels. The condition for this change is also presented. The photon wave functions of bound states are found to be asymmetry around the position of the 2LE when the coupling strengths between the 2LE and the resonator are not equal, and they have the same preferred directions which are primarily determined by the larger one among the coupling strengths. The presence of the atom-photon bound states is manifested in the form of a stationary oscillation or a non-vanishing constant in the long enough time.
We study the controllable single-photon scattering via a one-dimensional waveguide which is coupled to a two-level emitter and a single-mode cavity simultaneously. The emitter and the cavity are also coupled to each other and form a three-level system with cyclic transitions within the zero- and single-excitation subspaces. As a result, the phase of emitter-cavity coupling strength serves as a sensitive control parameter. When the emitter and cavity locate at the same point of the waveguide, we demonstrate the Rabi splitting and quasidark-state-induced perfect transmission for the incident photons. More interestingly, when they locate at different points of the waveguide, a controllable nonreciprocal transmission can be realized and the nonreciprocity is robust to the weak coupling between the system and environment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our theoretical model is experimentally feasible with currently available technologies.
We study the transport of a single photon in two coupled one-dimensional semi-infinite coupled-resonator waveguides (CRWs), in which both end sides are coupled to a dissipative cavity. We demonstrate that a single photon can transfer from one semi-infinite CRW to the other nonreciprocally. Based on such nonreciprocity, we further construct a three-port single-photon circulator by a T-shaped waveguide, in which three semi-infinite CRWs are pairwise mutually coupled to each other. The single-photon nonreciprocal transport is induced by the breaking of the time-reversal symmetry and the optimal conditions for these phenomena are obtained analytically. The CRWs with broken time-reversal symmetry will open up a kind of quantum device with versatile applications in quantum networks.
We study the transport properties of a single photon scattered by a two-level system (TLS) in a T-shaped waveguide, which is made of two coupled-resonator waveguides (CRWs)- an infinite CRW and a semi-infinite CRW. The spontaneous emission of the TLS directs single photons from one CRW to the other. Although the transfer rate is different for the wave incident from different CRWs, due to the boundary breaking the translational symmetry, the boundary can enhance the transfer rate found in Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 103604 (2013) and Phys. Rev. A 89, 013805 (2014), as the transfer rate could be unity for the wave incident from the semi-infinite CRW.