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Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing

Simultaneous Distribution of Two Quantum Keys When Transmitting Single Photons with Wavelengths of 780 and 850 nm via a Single Free-Space Quantum Channel

Denis B. Tretyakov, A. V. Kolyako, A. S. Pleshkov, I. I. Ryabtsev, И. Г. Неизвестный

Published Feb 1, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The article presents the experimental implementation of a method for increasing the quantum key distribution rate in free-space quantum-cryptographic communication lines by simultaneously transmitting single photons with wavelengths of 780 and 850 nm via a single quantum channel. The laboratory system we created demonstrated an approximately twofold increase in the distribution rate of the so-called ‘‘sifted’’ quantum key by using two setups operating at wavelengths of 780 and 850 nm and transmitting photons via one quantum channel 23 cm long. The distribution rate of the sifted quantum key and the quantum bit error rate for a wavelength of 780 nm was $$11502\pm 290$$ bit/s and $$2.4\pm 0.4\%$$ , and for a wavelength of 850 nm— $$10627\pm 290$$ bit/s and $$3.9\pm 0.5\%$$

DOI
10.3103/s8756699025700074

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The article presents the experimental implementation of a method for increasing the quantum key distribution rate in free-space quantum-cryptographic communication lines by simultaneously transmitting single photons with wavelengths of 780 and 850 nm via a single quantum channel. The laboratory system we created demonstrated an approximately twofold increase in the distribution rate of the so-called ‘‘sifted’’ quantum key by using two setups operating at wavelengths of 780 and 850 nm and transmitting photons via one quantum channel 23 cm long. The distribution rate of the sifted quantum key and the quantum bit error rate for a wavelength of 780 nm was 11502±29011502\pm 29011502±290 bit/s and 2.4±0.4%2.4\pm 0.4\%2.4±0.4% , and for a wavelength of 850 nm— 10627±29010627\pm 29010627±290 bit/s and 3.9±0.5%3.9\pm 0.5\%3.9±0.5%
The incorporation of multiplexing techniques used in microwave photonics to quantum key distribution (QKD) systems brings important advantages by enabling the simultaneous and parallel delivery of multiple keys between a central station and different end-users in the context of multipoint access and metropolitan networks, or by providing higher key distribution rates in point to point links by suitably linking the parallel distributed keys. It also allows the coexistence of classical information and QKD channels over a single optical fiber infrastructure. In this paper, we show, for the first time to our knowledge, the successful operation of a two-domain (subcarrier and wavelength division) multiplexed strong reference BB84 QKD system. A four-independent channel QKD system featuring a sifted key rate of 10 kb/s/channel over an 11-km link with quantum bit error rate (QBER)$<$2% is reported. These results open the way for multi-QKD over optical fiber networks.
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We have demonstrated the exchange of sifted quantum cryptographic key over a 730 meter free-space link at rates of up to 1.0 Mbps, two orders of magnitude faster than previously reported results. A classical channel at 1550 nm operates in parallel with a quantum channel at 845 nm. Clock recovery techniques on the classical channel at 1.25 Gbps enable quantum transmission at up to the clock rate. System performance is currently limited by the timing resolution of our silicon avalanche photodiode detectors. With improved detector resolution, our technique will yield another order of magnitude increase in performance, with existing technology.
Work presents the brief review of the contemporary state of quantum cryptography science. Main principles of the quantum cryptography protocol development are illustrated by giving the example of BB84 protocol. Examples of experimental setups for the quantum key distribution through the atmosphere and fiber quantum channel are described in this work. The work presents results of experiments conducted on the developed setup based on single photon polarization coding. Problem of single photon detection in the visible and near IR area is considered. Work describes developed fiber based quantum cryptography working with the telecom wavelength 1555 nm. With the use of this experimental setup using the 25 km single mode telecom fiber (1555 nm wavelength) between sender and receiver we achieved the 450 bit/s quantum key generation with the use of 5 MHz pulse repetition rate, ~0.2 photon/pulse. Given the achieved photodetector parameters an average quantum bit error rate is less than 3.7%.
We have demonstrated the exchange of sifted quantum cryptographic key over a 730 meter free-space link at rates of up to 1.0 Mbps, two orders of magnitude faster than previously reported results.A classical channel at 1550 nm operates in parallel with a quantum channel at 845 nm.Clock recovery techniques on the classical channel at 1.25 Gbps enable quantum transmission at up to the clock rate.System performance is currently limited by the timing resolution of our silicon avalanche photodiode detectors.With improved detector resolution, our technique will yield another order of magnitude increase in performance, with existing technology.This work was performed for the U.S.