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Physical Review A

Noise-resistant phonon operations in a hybrid superconducting circuit-mechanical resonator system

Le-Tian Zhu, Xingyu Zhu, Guang-Can Guo, Tao Tu, Chuan-Feng Li

Published Jun 23, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/41jh-w6ft

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We demonstrate strong dispersive coupling between a fluxonium superconducting qubit and a 690 megahertz mechanical oscillator, extending the reach of circuit quantum acousto-dynamics (cQAD) experiments into a new range of frequencies.We have engineered a qubit-phonon coupling rate of g ≈ 2π × 14 MHz, and achieved a dispersive interaction that exceeds the decoherence rates of both systems while the qubit and mechanics are highly nonresonant ( /g 10).Leveraging this strong coupling, we perform phonon-number-resolved measurements of the mechanical resonator and investigate its dissipation and dephasing properties.Our results demonstrate the potential for fluxonium-based hybrid quantum systems, and a path for developing new quantum sensing and information processing schemes with phonons at frequencies below 700 MHz to significantly expand the toolbox of cQAD.
Mechanical resonators are a promising way for interfacing qubits in order to realize hybrid quantum systems that offer great possibilities for applications. Mechanical systems can have very long energy lifetimes, and they can be further interfaced to other systems. Moreover, integration of a mechanical oscillator with qubits creates a potential platform for the exploration of quantum physics in macroscopic mechanical degrees of freedom. The utilization of high overtone bulk acoustic resonators coupled to superconducting qubits is an intriguing platform towards these goals. These resonators exhibit a combination of high-frequency and high-quality factors. They can reach their quantum ground state at dilution refrigeration temperatures and they can be strongly coupled to superconducting qubits via their piezoelectric effect. In this paper, we demonstrate our system where bulk acoustic phonons of a high overtone resonator are coupled to a transmon qubit in a planar circuit architecture. We show that the bulk acoustic phonons are interacting with the qubit in a simple design architecture at the quantum level, representing further progress towards the quantum control of mechanical motion.
Hybrid systems that couple superconducting qubits to mechanical oscillators facilitate quantum control of individual phonons and have the potential to enable compact, highly coherent quantum memories and processors. To date, however, the utility of hybrid quantum acoustic devices has been limited by poor qubit and mechanical coherence times that are far shorter than those exhibited by their unhybridized counterparts. A primary challenge lies in the intrinsic nature of elastic waves in solids: the slow speed of sound results in a dense spectrum of acoustic modes, making it difficult to prevent spontaneous emission of the qubit into phononic degrees of freedom. In this thesis, I will present a systematic effort to suppress loss mechanisms in superconducting qubits and mechanical resonators in the context of circuit quantum acoustics. I begin by demonstrating the use of crystallographic orientation optimization to passively suppress diffraction losses in narrow-aperture quartz surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators. We then study the coupling of SAW resonators to a quasi-continuum of bulk acoustic modes; this motivates us to abandon bulk piezoelectric media in favor of bandgap-protected thin-film devices. By fabricating suspended phononic crystal resonators from thin-film quartz, we demonstrate an order-of-magnitude improvement in the coherence of this class of devices. I conclude by presenting preliminary measurements of a new flip-chip architecture for circuit quantum acoustics -- the `acoustic trampoline' -- that is designed to maximize qubit-mechanical coupling while simultaneously suppressing spontaneous acoustic emission.