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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Physics of Non-Inertial Reference Frames, conclusions and consequences

T. F. Kamalov, Yu. T. Kamalov

Published Jun 1, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Refusal to use inertial reference frames in favor of non-inertial reference frames means significant changes in the axiomatics of both classical and quantum physics. Taking into account the influences of random small forces and fields makes the equations of classical physics, expanding, subject not only to deterministic laws, but also expands the equations of classical physics with additional variables that have an indeterministic, probabilistic behavior. Extending the scope of consideration of physical systems to non-inertial frames of reference leads to the already well-known new field of study known as quantum correction of Newton’s laws of motion. In this case, not only stable deterministic trajectories are considered, but also unstable, random ones, which usually constitute the measurement error in experiments in cases of applying classical physics and the probability distribution of quantum mechanics. Such a quantum correction can extend the action of Newton’s laws to the microworld by abandoning the basic idea of classical physics that physical systems should be described by differential equations of no higher than second order in favor of supplementing them with higher derivative variables that describe unstable random trajectories.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/3017/1/012020

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Abstract Refusal to use inertial reference frames in favor of non-inertial reference frames means significant changes in the axiomatics of both classical and quantum physics. Taking into account the influences of random small forces and fields makes the equations of classical physics, expanding, subject not only to deterministic laws, but also expands the equations of classical physics with additional variables that have an indeterministic, probabilistic behavior. Extending the scope of consideration of physical systems to non-inertial frames of reference leads to the already well-known new field of study known as quantum correction of Newton’s laws of motion. In this case, not only stable deterministic trajectories are considered, but also unstable, random ones, which usually constitute the measurement error in experiments in cases of applying classical physics and the probability distribution of quantum mechanics. Such a quantum correction can extend the action of Newton’s laws to the microworld by abandoning the basic idea of classical physics that physical systems should be described by differential equations of no higher than second order in favor of supplementing them with higher derivative variables that describe unstable random trajectories.
Abstract The main idea of I. Newton in Principia is a description of the laws of motion by a second-order differential equation. Classical Newtonian physics can describe stability trajectories in Inertial Reference Frames and some Non-Inertial ones. The variation of the action functional S of stability trajectories equals to zero. The observational error is including the influence of the random fields’ background to the particle. Can we use another description in the form of a high-order differential equation? The high-order derivatives can be used as additional variables accounting for the influence of random fields background. Trajectories due the influence of the random fields’ background can be called instability random trajectories. They can be described by high order derivatives. Then the stability classical trajectories to be complemented by additional instability random trajectories. Quantum objects are described by the trajectory with neighborhoods. Quantum Probability can describe quantum objects in random fields. The variation of the action functional S is defined by the Planck constant. For the common description of quantum theory and high-order theory, let us compare r-neighborhoods of quantum action functional with r-neighborhoods of the action functional of a high-order theory.
A Newtonian mechanics model is essentially the model of a point body in an inertial reference frame. How to describe extended bodies in non-inertial (vibrational) reference frames with the random initial conditions? One of the most general description (known as the higher derivatives formalism) consists in taking into account the infinite number of the higher order temporal derivatives of the coordinates in the Lagrange function. Such formalism describes physical objects in the infinite dimensional space does not contradict quantum mechanics and infinite dimensional Hilbert space.
A Newtonian mechanics model is essentially the model of a point body in an inertial reference frame. How to describe extended bodies in non-inertial (vibration) reference frames with the random initial conditions? One of the most generalized ways of descriptions (known as the higher derivatives formalism) consists in taking into account the infinite number of the higher temporal derivatives of the coordinates in the Lagrange function. Such formalism describing physical objects in the infinite dimensions space does not contradict to the quantum mechanics and infinite dimensions Hilbert space.
Abstract In quantum mechanics courses, the concept of a reference frame is frequently hidden. In this article, we present a basic perspective to introduce the transformations of a reference frame based on unitary transformations. These unitary transformations are inspired in canonical transformation for reference frame from the perspective of classical mechanics. The manner we deal with this change in reference frame allows us to discuss some fundamental concepts in Schrödinger and Heisenberg pictures, as well as the ideas of passive and active description in quantum mechanics. These unitary transformations are inspired in a reference-frame canonical transformation from the perspective of classical mechanics. The approach we take for this reference-frame change allows for a discussion on fundamental concepts in Schrödinger and Heisenberg pictures, as well as the ideas of passive and active description in quantum mechanics. We apply this unitary transformation in five examples.
The aim of this chapter is to present some very basic principles of classical mechanics. They can help us understand the novelty of quantum theory. Classical mechanics was founded by Newton and contemporary 17th-century natural philosophers, and further developed in the 18th and 19th centuries by many physicists and mathematicians, as a result of the search for a rational, causal, and scientific explanation of the universe. In classical mechanics, real-world objects are modeled as a collection of point particles, i.e., objects with negligible size. The motion of a point particle is characterized by a small number of parameters such as its position, mass, velocity, and the forces applied to it. The position of a point particle is defined with respect to an arbitrary fixed reference point in the three- dimensional Euclidean space, which is usually chosen as the origin of some coordinate system. The velocity of a point particle is the rate of change of its position with time. The force applied to a point particle (called the external force) is the cause for the point particle x y z A to undergo a certain change in its velocity, i.e., an acceleration (Newton’s second law of motion). For the sake of simplicity, here we shall refer to a point particle or a collection of point particles simply as an object. Newton’s first law of motion states that if an object experiences no net external force, then its velocity is constant, i.e., the object is either at rest or it moves in a straight line with a constant speed. The first law of motion postulates the existence of a certain set of frames of reference called inertial reference frames, relative to which the motion of an object not subject to external forces is a straight line at a constant speed. For this reason, Newton’s first law is also referred to as the law of inertia.