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Journal of Physical Studies

Geometric measure of entanglement of graph states of spin system with Heisenberg interaction and its quantifying on IBM's quantum computer

S. M. Tymyk, V. M. Tkachuk

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we analyzed the quantum states generated by the evolution operator with the Heisenberg Hamiltonian.The analytical expression for the geometric measure of entanglement of a spin with other spins for the graph states that are represented by binary tree graphs and cycle graphs is obtained.Geometric entanglement is quantified using an IBM Q Quito quantum computer.The results obtained on quantum computer are in good argument with theoretical ones.

DOI
10.30970/jps.29.2002

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In this paper, we analyzed the quantum states generated by the evolution operator with the Heisenberg Hamiltonian.The analytical expression for the geometric measure of entanglement of a spin with other spins for the graph states that are represented by binary tree graphs and cycle graphs is obtained.Geometric entanglement is quantified using an IBM Q Quito quantum computer.The results obtained on quantum computer are in good argument with theoretical ones.
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We will consider graph states generated by the action of controlled phase shift operators on a separable state of a multiqubit system. The case where all the qubits are initially prepared in arbitrary states is investigated. We will obtain the geometric measure of entanglement of a qubit with the remaining system in graph states represented by arbitrary weighted graphs and will establish its relationship with state parameters. For two-qubit graph states, the geometric measure of entanglement is also quantified on IBM’s simulator Qiskit Aer and quantum processor ibmq lima based on auxiliary mean spin measurements. The results of quantum computations verify our analytic predictions.
Abstract Multi-qubit graph states generated by the action of controlled phase shift operators on a separable quantum state of a system, in which all the qubits are in arbitrary identical states, are examined. The geometric measure of entanglement of a qubit with other qubits is found for the graph states represented by arbitrary graphs. The entanglement depends on the degree of the vertex representing the qubit, the absolute values of the parameter of the phase shift gate and the parameter of state the gate is acting on. Also the geometric measure of entanglement of the graph states is quantified on the quantum computer . The results obtained on the quantum device are in good agreement with analytical ones.
The geometric measure of entanglement of mixed states is investigated based on its relation to spin correlations. We derive an analytical expression for the entanglement of rank-2 mixed states composed of arbitrary multiqubit pure states within a two-dimensional Hilbert subspace. The dependence of the entanglement of rank-2 mixed multiqubit states on the parameters characterizing arbitrary pure states in the mixture is studied both analytically and using quantum computing. For a particular class of mixed states, namely, equal-probability mixtures of an arbitrary multiqubit state and the Schrödinger cat state, we construct quantum protocols for detecting the geometric measure of entanglement based on its relation to spin correlations. We quantify the entanglement using both the AerSimulator and the ibm_marrakesh quantum computer. The effects of quantum-computing errors are also analyzed. The simulation results reproduce the analytical dependencies, while measurements on the quantum device demonstrate good agreement with theoretical predictions within estimated error bounds.
The geometric measure of entanglement of variational quantum states is studied on the basis of its relation with the mean value of spin. We examine n-qubit quantum states prepared by a variational circuit with a layer formed by the rotational gates and two-qubit controlled phase gates. The variational circuit is a generalization of that used for preparing quantum Generative Adversarial Network states. The entanglement of a qubit with other qubits in the variational quantum states is determined by the angles of rotational gates that act on the qubit and qubits entangled with it by controlled phase gates and also their parameters. In the case of one layer variational circuit, the states can be associated with graphs with vertices representing qubits and edges corresponding to two-qubit gates. The geometric measure of entanglement of a qubit with other qubits in the quantum graph state depends on the properties of the vertex that represents it in the graph, namely it depends on the vertex degree. The dependence of the geometric measure of entanglement of variational quantum states on their parameters is quantified on IBM's quantum computer.
The entanglement distance of evolutionary quantum states of a two-spin system with the XXZ model has been studied. The analysis has been conducted both analytically and using quantum computing. An analytical dependence of the entanglement distance on the values of the model coupling constants and the parameters of the initial states has been obtained. The speed of evolution of a two-spin system has been investigated. The analysis has been performed analytically and using quantum computing. An explicit dependence of the speed of evolution on the coupling constants and on the parameters of the initial state has been obtained. The results of quantum computations are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.