Post-Quantum Cryptography: A Comprehensive Review of Past Technologies and Current Advances

Shruti Jindal, Suman Sangwan

Bhavya Jain, Harish Mittal

Quantum computing poses an unprecedented threat to the cryptographic foundations that secure our digital civilisation!This paper presents a comprehensive examination of post-quantum cryptography (PQC), tracing the revolutionary transition from classical to quantum-resistant cryptographic systems.We analyse the mathematical foundations underlying major PQC families, including latticebased, code-based, hash-based, multivariate, and isogeny-based approaches.The paper evaluates the groundbreaking NIST PQC standardisation process and its transformative impact on cryptographic development, while examining implementation challenges across diverse platforms.Performance metrics and security analyses reveal the fascinating trade-offs between different approaches.We conclude by exploring emerging research directions and challenges in securing digital infrastructure against the quantum revolution.

Manmohan Singh, Sandeep K. Sood, Munish Bhatia

Aritrik Ghosh

Winfred Allgyer, Tyler White, Tarek A. Youssef

In the modern world, technological advancements are being made nearly every day. However, some of these advancements also give way to new vulnerabilities in the security systems implemented in the world today. Specifically, the slowly growing realm of quantum computers has triggered many researchers and experts to raise the alarm on the security of current cryptographic methods used to safeguard personal and valuable information from unauthorized entities. Many experts agree that the topic of post-quantum cryptography is a field that needs immediate attention to prevent a severe crisis when quantum computers become stable enough to run reliably. While it has been slow to this point, a breakthrough will likely trigger a wave of innovation that could rapidly overtake the world. In this paper, the current cryptographic systems, the basics of quantum computing, and post-quantum cryptography as well as the new algorithms associated with it will be discussed. This paper will provide a base of information in which readers will be introduced to several viewpoints regarding the matter of post-quantum cryptography.

Syed Ismail Abdul Lathif, Priya Saxena, Priyanshi Singh