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Physical Review Applied

Conservation of orbital angular momentum via four-wave mixing in cesium vapor

Yanpu Chen, Zeyan Zhang, Kexin Liu, Jizhou Wu, Yuqing Li, Wenliang Liu, Vladimir Sovkov, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia, Jie Ma

Published May 29, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/54c8-sb6l

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We present an experimental platform which can generate quantum-correlated beams with Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) via degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) in Rubidium vapor. We further investigated the conservation of OAM before and after FWM by performing LG mode decomposition using interferometer. To compare our experimental result with theoretical prediction, we simulated a simplified version of our set up. Moreover, we used this toy model to study the conservation of radial and angular intensity profile through changing parameters limited by our set up. In general, we found that FWM preserves most information consisted in OAM, but has a rather loose control over the information stored in radial profile.
We explore the conservation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the four-wave mixing (FWM) process in hot rubidium vapor. Since most modern communication systems send data in pulses corresponding to bits, we can use OAM to encode more information in each pulse by assigning structure to each signal. Furthermore, because FWM can be used to generate entangled photon pairs, we can use this process to bring enhanced signal security. We experimentally studied FWM with a wide range of Laguerre-Gaussian modes and their superpositions and observed OAM transfer from the probe field to a generated Stokes field. By studying the output Stokes intensity and phase distributions, we confirm l mode (OAM) conservation for pure l and p modes, as well as for the superpositions of l and -l for the mode numbers up to l = 4, p = 4. We also found that p index is generally not conserved and its conservation is highly dependent on the relative sizes of the probe and pump beams in the Rb cell. We also identify parameters to improve FWM gain with OAM transfer and propose an analytical method for determining OAM p number.
We generate intensity-difference-squeezed Laguerre-Gauss twin beams of light carrying orbital angular momentum by using four-wave mixing in a hot atomic vapor. The conservation of orbital angular momentum in the four-wave mixing process is studied as well as the spatial distribution of the quantum correlations obtained with different configurations of orbital angular momentum. Intensity-difference squeezing of up to -6.7 dB is demonstrated with beams carrying orbital angular momentum. Delocalized spatial correlations between the twin beams are observed.