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Applied Optics

Maximizing effective secrecy throughput in SLIPT-based underwater wireless optical communication systems with artificial noise

Gan Li, Tao Shang, Tang Tang, Qian Li

Published May 21, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security of a vertical relay-assisted underwater wireless optical communication system with simultaneous lightwave information and power transfer and artificial noise to enhance both security and energy sustainability. The relay node is equipped with an energy harvesting device, using the harvested energy to transmit the confidential information and artificial noise to the user and eavesdropper. Taking into account path loss, turbulent fading, pointing error, link interruption, and solar noise, we derive the reliability outage probability, secrecy outage probability, and effective secrecy throughput (EST) and analyze the effects of water types, turbulence strength, pointing errors, and link interruption on secrecy performance. Based on this, to further improve the secrecy performance, we propose an EST optimization problem considering the power splitting ratio, including the ratio of energy harvesting and information decoding, as well as the ratio of artificial noise and confidential information. Considering the complexity and coupling of the objective function, we use an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm to achieve EST maximization. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to verify our derived expressions, and simulation results demonstrate that the power splitting ratio obtained by AO can improve the EST effectively.

DOI
10.1364/ao.558644

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In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security of a vertical relay-assisted underwater wireless optical communication system with simultaneous lightwave information and power transfer and artificial noise to enhance both security and energy sustainability. The relay node is equipped with an energy harvesting device, using the harvested energy to transmit the confidential information and artificial noise to the user and eavesdropper. Taking into account path loss, turbulent fading, pointing error, link interruption, and solar noise, we derive the reliability outage probability, secrecy outage probability, and effective secrecy throughput (EST) and analyze the effects of water types, turbulence strength, pointing errors, and link interruption on secrecy performance. Based on this, to further improve the secrecy performance, we propose an EST optimization problem considering the power splitting ratio, including the ratio of energy harvesting and information decoding, as well as the ratio of artificial noise and confidential information. Considering the complexity and coupling of the objective function, we use an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm to achieve EST maximization. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to verify our derived expressions, and simulation results demonstrate that the power splitting ratio obtained by AO can improve the EST effectively.
In this study, physical layer security (PLS) in a dual-hop underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC)-radio frequency (RF) network under the intruding attempts of multiple eavesdroppers via RF links is considered. An intermediate decode-and-forward (DF) relay node between an underwater source and a destination transforms the optical signal into an electrical form and forwards it to the destination node with the help of harvested energy by the relay from an integrated power beacon within the system. The source-to-relay link, i.e., a UOWC link, is assumed to follow a mixture of exponential generalized Gamma turbulence with pointing error impairments whereas all the remaining links, i.e., RF links, are assumed to undergo κ-μ shadowed fading. Here, two eavesdropping scenarios are considered depending on the types of intruders, i.e., colluding (Scenario-I) and non-colluding (Scenario-II) eavesdropping operations. The analytical expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP), probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC), and effective secrecy throughput (EST) are derived for each scenario. Furthermore, the impacts of UOWC and RF channel parameters as well as detection techniques on secrecy capacity are demonstrated. A comparative study between two scenarios demonstrates that the collusion between the eavesdroppers imposes the most harmful threat on secrecy throughput but a better secrecy level can be attained by adopting diversity at the destination and power beacon nodes along with heterodyne detection rather than intensity modulation and direct detection technique. Finally, all the derived expressions are verified with the numerical results.
This article studies a secure communication of a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer system in which an energy-constrained untrusted relay, which harvests energy from the wireless signals, helps the communication between the source and destination and is able to decode the source’s confidential signal. Additionally, the source’s confidential signal is also overheard by a passive eavesdropper. To create positive secrecy capacity, a destination-assisted jamming signal that is completely cancelled at the destination is adopted. Moreover, the jamming signal is also exploited as an additional energy source. To evaluate the secrecy performance, analytical expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the average secrecy capacity are derived. Moreover, a high-power approximation for the SOP is presented. The accuracy of the analytical results is verified by Monte Carlo simulations. Numerical results provide valuable insights into the effect of various system parameters, such as the energy-harvesting efficiency, secrecy rate threshold, power-splitting ratio, transmit powers, and locations of the relay and eavesdropper, on the secrecy performance.
In recent years, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has attracted people's research interest, but many researchers only consider one of the secrecy throughput and harvested energy. In this paper, we optimize the secrecy throughput and improve the utilization of the harvested energy in a certain way with a based beamforming artificial noise aided SWIPT system over a Rayleigh fading channel. We investigate the relationship between the secrecy outage probability and the target secrecy rate and the power allocation ratio through formula derivation and simulation results. Then we propose an algorithm of joint power allocation and splitting to achieve the maximum secrecy throughput. Furthermore, we investigate the maximum secrecy throughput in the beamforming mode and that in broadcast mode. The simulation results show that the use of beamforming technique can greatly improve the performance of the secrecy throughput and the harvested energy.
In this work, the effective secrecy throughput (EST) which explicitly captures both the reliability and secrecy features of wiretap channels for an underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system has been optimized by considering the generalized transmit laser selection (GTLS) scheme. Specifically, the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the main channel and eavesdropper's channel is assumed to be unavailable at the transmitter, which is more practical for the underwater application. The fading of salinity induced oceanic turbulence channels is described by the Weibull distribution considering angular pointing error. The GTLS scheme is first introduced into the UWOC eavesdropping system to improve the quality of the main channel. Based on these models, the analytical closed-form expression of the EST with a constraint on the maximum allowed secrecy outage probability (SOP) is mathematically derived in terms of Meijer's G function and Gauss hypergeometric function. Then, an optimization problem with the objective of maximizing the constrained EST of the proposed UWOC system while ensuring wiretap code rate constraints are formulated. To solve this problem, a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) based wiretap code rates optimization method is effectively developed to acquire the maximum constrained EST, which is validated by the exhaustive search (ES) method. Simulation results suggest that the maximum constrained EST of this UWOC system can be significantly improved by the GTLS scheme. Besides, the maximum allowed SOP has a pronounced impact on the maximum constrained EST. The presented results could offer valuable insights into the physical layer security (PLS) performance enhancement of UWOC systems.
This paper investigates secure communications of energy harvesting untrusted relay networks, where the destination assists jamming signal to prevent the untrusted relay from eavesdropping and to improve the forwarding ability of the energy constrained relay. Firstly, the source and the destination transmit the signals to the relay with maximal ratio transmission (MRT) technique or transmit antenna selection (TAS) technique. Then, the destination utilizes maximal ratio combining (MRC) technique or receive antenna selection (RAS) technique to receive the forwarded information. Therefore, four transmission and reception schemes are considered. For each scheme, the closed-form expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the connection outage probability (COP) are derived. Besides, the effective secrecy throughput (EST) metric is analyzed to achieve a good tradeoff between security and reliability. In addition, the asymptotic performance of EST is also considered at the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Finally, simulation results illustrate that: (1) the EST of the system with MRT and MRC scheme are superior to other schemes, however, in the high SNR regime, the EST of the system with MRT scheme is inferior to TAS; and (2) for the source node, there exists an optimal number of antennas to maximize the EST of the proposed schemes.
In an underlay cognitive simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) network, communication from secondary user (SU) to secondary destination (SD) is accomplished with decode-and-forward (DF) relays.Multiple energy-constrained relays are assumed to harvest energy from SU via power splitting (PS) protocol and complete SU secure information transmission with beamforming.Hence, physical layer security (PLS) is investigated in cognitive SWIPT network.In order to interfere with eavesdropper and improve relay's energy efficiency, a destination-assisted jamming scheme is proposed.Namely, SD transmits artificial noise (AN) to interfere with eavesdropping, while jamming signal can also provide harvested energy to relays.Beamforming vector and power splitting ratio are jointly optimized with the objective of SU secrecy capacity maximization.We solve this non-convex optimization problem via a general two-stage procedure.Firstly, we obtain the optimal beamforming vector through semi-definite relaxation (SDR) method with a fixed power splitting ratio.Secondly, the best power splitting ratio can be obtained by one-dimensional search.We provide simulation results to verify the proposed solution.Simulation results show that the scheme achieves the maximum SD secrecy rate with appropriate selection of power splitting ratio, and the proposed scheme guarantees security in cognitive SWIPT networks.