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Scientific Reports

Entanglement dynamics in a three-atom multi-photon nonlinear JCM with f-deformed Kerr nonlinearity

Firouz Langarizadeh, Mohammad Javad Faghihi, Hamid Reza Baghshahi

Published May 16, 2025• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we explore the atomic population inversion and entanglement dynamics of a quantum system consisting of three identical two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode cavity field. The cavity is surrounded by a Kerr medium exhibiting f-deformed Kerr nonlinearity, and we consider a degenerate multi-photon transition in the nonlinear regime. The study systematically analyzes the effects of intensity-dependent coupling, detuning, Kerr nonlinearity, f-deformed Kerr nonlinearity, and multi-photon transition on the nonclassical properties of the system. Our results show that the Kerr and f-deformed Kerr nonlinearities significantly influence the atomic inversion dynamics, leading to phenomena such as collapse and revival, with distinct behaviors observed under varying detuning parameters. Furthermore, entanglement dynamics between the atoms and cavity mode are enhanced under intensity-dependent coupling and nonlinearity. The detuning parameter generally reduces entanglement but has a less pronounced effect in the two-photon transition case, where entanglement is notably enhanced. The study provides valuable insights into controlling quantum correlations in multi-atom systems, with potential applications in quantum information processing, computing, and communication.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-025-00700-4

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In this paper, we explore the atomic population inversion and entanglement dynamics of a quantum system consisting of three identical two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode cavity field. The cavity is surrounded by a Kerr medium exhibiting f-deformed Kerr nonlinearity, and we consider a degenerate multi-photon transition in the nonlinear regime. The study systematically analyzes the effects of intensity-dependent coupling, detuning, Kerr nonlinearity, f-deformed Kerr nonlinearity, and multi-photon transition on the nonclassical properties of the system. Our results show that the Kerr and f-deformed Kerr nonlinearities significantly influence the atomic inversion dynamics, leading to phenomena such as collapse and revival, with distinct behaviors observed under varying detuning parameters. Furthermore, entanglement dynamics between the atoms and cavity mode are enhanced under intensity-dependent coupling and nonlinearity. The detuning parameter generally reduces entanglement but has a less pronounced effect in the two-photon transition case, where entanglement is notably enhanced. The study provides valuable insights into controlling quantum correlations in multi-atom systems, with potential applications in quantum information processing, computing, and communication.
In this paper, the dynamics of a system consisting of a three-level atom, which interacts with a single-mode quantized field in a lossy cavity, is studied in the presence of the dependence of atom–field coupling and third-order nonlinear susceptibility on the intensity of light. The system contains a Λ -type atom coupled to a single-mode radiation field, with a degenerate multi-photon transition in the intensity-dependent regime. Also, the nonlinearity of the medium due to Kerr and intensity-dependent Kerr effects, and the detuning parameters are considered. Furthermore, to see the effects of dissipation such as photon absorption and scattering by the cavity mirrors and spontaneous emission of the atom, a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is introduced, which results in obtaining the state vector of the whole system by applying the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Thereupon, the dynamics of entanglement, coherence, photon statistics, and quadrature squeezing are numerically investigated. In each case, the roles of the intensity-dependent nonlinearity function, Kerr and intensity-dependent Kerr nonlinearity, different sources of dissipation, and detuning parameters are discussed. The numerical results indicate that the nonclassicality can remarkably be revealed, and can appropriately be controlled via the above-mentioned effects. It can be found that the presence of dissipation not only does not weaken the physical properties but also can enhance and protect the nonclassicality of the system.
An entangled state, as an essential tool in quantum information processing, may be generated through the interaction between light and matter in cavity quantum electrodynamics. In this paper, we study the interaction between two two-level atoms and a two-mode field in an optical cavity enclosed by a medium with Kerr nonlinearity in the presence of a detuning parameter and Stark effect. It is assumed that the atom–field coupling and third-order susceptibility of the Kerr medium depend on the intensity of the light. In order to investigate the dynamics of the introduced system, we obtain the exact analytical form of the state vector of the considered atom–field system under initial conditions which may be prepared for the atoms (in a coherent superposition of their ground and upper states) and the fields (in a standard coherent state). Then, in order to evaluate the degree of entanglement between the subsystems, we investigate the dynamics of the entanglement by employing the entanglement of formation. Finally, we analyze in detail the influences of the Stark shift, the deformed Kerr medium, the intensity-dependent coupling, and also the detuning parameter on the behavior of this measure for different subsystems. The numerical results show that the amount of entanglement between the different subsystems can be controlled by choosing the evolved parameters appropriately.
We present an analytical solution for a quantum system characterized by a double Λ\LambdaΛ five-level atom interacting with an intensity-dependent coupling regime, influenced by a nonlinear Kerr-like medium. We also derive the constants of motion through Heisenberg’s equations. Furthermore, the dynamical evolution of the entanglement and quantum coherence between the atom and the field is discussed using linear entropy and l1l_{1}l1​ -norm of coherence. Through a comprehensive examination of the quantum system, it is observed that both the detuning and the Kerr-like parameters exert a significant impact on the degree of entanglement and coherence. However, the impacts of detuning and the Kerr effect become less pronounced when the photon multiplicity is high. In addition, we conduct a comparison between the five-level atomic system and a four-level system, revealing that the number of energy levels has a profound impact on the behavior of entanglement and coherence. These findings highlight the importance of atomic structure and photon multiplicity in controlling and optimizing quantum processes, particularly in applications involving quantum communication and information processing.
In this paper, we investigate the interaction between a vee-type three-level atom and a single mode of the electromagnetic field in the presence of a nonlinear Kerr-like medium and an intensity-dependent coupling. We have elucidated the system by a nonlinear Hamiltonian constructed from the standard Jaynes–Cummings model by deforming the field operators and adding some nonlinear terms. Using the initial conditions that the atom is prepared in an excited state and the field is in a coherent state, the state vector of the entire system is determined analytically. The time evolution of nonclassical properties such as Mandel Q, quantum entanglement and position-momentum uncertainty relation (squeezing) of the field are investigated. The quasiprobability distributions are also computed for the resultant state. The effects of the detuning parameters, generalized Kerr medium and intensity-dependent coupling on the previous nonclassicality signs are analysed, in detail.
In this paper, the entanglement between two qubits that exist in two distinct cavities which are connected by an optical fiber is investigated by using the concurrence, while two-photon transitions and Kerr medium effect are also considered. Each cavity contains a qubit and a single-mode quantized field. The appearance of entanglement between the two qubits in the separate cavities originates from the presence of optical fiber. The obtained numerical results of the considered system show that, if the Kerr medium is large enough, the initial values of entanglement between the two qubits (which may have the maximum possible value, i.e. 1) can be approximately protected from the large amplitude fluctuations, so that acceptable stability is created. Also, qubit-field coupling and detuning effects are investigated and it is observed that symmetric coupling results in more stability of entanglement. Eventually, atomic population inversion is also studied and it is observed that it is controllable by considering different parameters.
The interaction between a ♢\diamondsuit♢-type four-level atom and a single-mode field in the presence of Kerr medium with intensity-dependent coupling involving multi-photon processes has been studied. Using the generalized (nonlinear) Jaynes-Cummings model, the exact analytical solution of the wave function for the considered system under particular condition, has been obtained when the atom is initially excited to the topmost level and the field is in a coherent state. Some physical properties of the atom-field entangled state such as linear entropy showing the entanglement degree, Mandel parameter, mean photon number and normal squeezing of the resultant state have been calculated. The effects of Kerr medium, detuning and the intensity-dependent coupling on the temporal behavior of the latter mentioned nonclassical properties have been investigated. It is shown that by appropriately choosing the evolved parameters in the interaction process, each of the above nonclassicality features, which are of special interest in quantum optics as well as quantum information processing, can be revealed.