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International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics

Entanglement enhancement of the 2D transverse field Ising model

Bilal Rasheed, Hamza Rasheed, Niaz Ali Khan, Allah Ditta

Published May 16, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Entanglement is a key physical resource in quantum information that enables basic quantum tasks, such as quantum teleportation and quantum key distribution, which are classically impossible. In this work, we investigate the entanglement theory of the 2D transverse field Ising model (TFIM) under the influence of a longitudinal magnetic field at zero temperature. For the fixed transverse field, the entanglement of the model initially increases to a maximum with the strength of the longitudinal magnetic field and then exponentially decreases to zero. Importantly, the maximal entanglement decreases with increasing transverse field, leading to a fully separable state in the limit of an infinite transverse magnetic field.

DOI
10.1142/s0219887825502135

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Modern Physics Letters A•Feb 28, 2022•8 citations
Entanglement is a key physical resource in quantum information that enables basic quantum tasks, such as quantum teleportation and quantum key distribution, which are classically impossible. In this work, we investigate the entanglement theory of the 2D transverse field Ising model (TFIM) under the influence of a longitudinal magnetic field at zero temperature. For the fixed transverse field, the entanglement of the model initially increases to a maximum with the strength of the longitudinal magnetic field and then exponentially decreases to zero. Importantly, the maximal entanglement decreases with increasing transverse field, leading to a fully separable state in the limit of an infinite transverse magnetic field.
We consider the effect of a random longitudinal field on the Ising model in a transverse magnetic field. For spatial dimension d>2d>2d>2, there is at low strength of randomness and transverse field a phase with true long-range order that is destroyed at higher values of the randomness or transverse field. The properties of the quantum phase transition at zero temperature are controlled by a fixed point with no quantum fluctuations. This fixed point also controls the classical finite-temperature phase transition in this model. Many critical properties of the quantum transition are therefore identical to those of the classical transition. In particular, we argue that the dynamical scaling is activated, i.e., the logarithm of the diverging time scale rises as a power of the diverging length scale.
Typically two particles (spins) could be maximally entangled at zero temperature, and for a certain temperature the phenomenon of entanglement vanishes at the threshold temperature. For the Heisenberg coupled model or even the Ising model with a transverse magnetic field, one can observe some rise of entanglement even for a disentangled region at zero temperature. So we can understand this emergence of entanglement at finite temperature as being due to the mixing of some maximally entangled states with some other untangled states. Here, we present a simple one-dimensional Ising model with alternating Ising and Heisenberg spins in an arbitrarily oriented magnetic field, which can be mapped onto the classical Ising model with a magnetic field. This model does not show any evidence of entanglement at zero temperature, but surprisingly at finite temperature rise a pairwise thermal entanglement between two untangled spins at zero temperature when an arbitrarily oriented magnetic field is applied. This effect is a purely magnetic field, and the temperature dependence, as soon as the temperature increases, causes a small increase in concurrence, achieving its maximum at around 0.1. Even for long-range entanglement, a weak concurrence still survives. There are also some real materials that could serve as candidates that would exhibit this effect, such as Dy(NO3{}_{3}3​)(DMSO)2{}_{2}2​Cu(opba)(DMSO)2{}_{2}2​ [DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide; opba = ooo-phenylenebis(oxamoto)] [J. Stre\ifmmode \check{c}\else \v{c}\fi{}ka, M. Hagiwara, Y. Han, T. Kida, Z. Honda, and M. Ikeda, Condens. Matter Phys. 15, 43002 (2012)].
Abstract The theory of multipartite entanglement provides a robust framework for understanding complex phenomena in quantum many-body systems, while multipartite entanglement also serves as a key resource in numerous quantum information processing tasks. Using density matrix renormalization group calculations, we study the multipartite entanglement in one-dimensional quantum long-range ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic Ising chains with algebraically decaying interactions 1/ r α , respectively. To quantitatively probe the system’s multipartite entanglement structure, we employ the quantum Fisher information (QFI). Our results reveal two key behaviors: as the system size increases, the QFI rises, while the multipartite entanglement density decreases and converges toward a constant value. The latter trend points to a fundamental constraint on entanglement distribution in the thermodynamic limit. We further discuss the effects of the magnetic field and the exponent α on the QFI. We find that the peak values of the QFI increase with increasing α . Additionally, the discontinuity in the QFI can be regarded as a powerful tool for characterizing quantum phase transitions in the systems.
We study the asymptotic scaling of the entanglement of a block of spins for the ground state of the one-dimensional quantum Ising model with transverse field. When the field is sufficiently strong, the entanglement grows at most logarithmically in the number of spins. The proof utilises a transformation to a model of classical probability called the continuum random-cluster model, and is based on a property of the latter model termed ratio weak-mixing. Our proof applies equally to a large class of disordered interactions. 1 The quantum Ising model The quantum Ising model in a transverse magnetic field is one of the most famous examples of exactly solvable one-dimensional quantum models. The solution was first given by Pfeuty in [26], based on earlier works by Lieb, Schultz, and Mattis [18] and by McCoy [21]. The diagonalisation of the Hamiltonian and the determination of the energy eigenstates is based on methods developed by Jordan and Wigner [16] in the theory of second quantisation of fermion fields, and by Bogoliubov [7] in the theory of superconductivity. This model exhibits a second-order phase transition in the ground state when the temperature of the system is zero. The existence of the phase transition and
For a system at absolute zero temperature, all thermal fluctuations are frozen out, while quantum fluctuations prevail.These microscopic quantum fluctuations can induce a quantum phase transition (QPT) in the ground state of a many-body system when the relative strength of two competing energy terms is varied across a critical value.This paper presents a detailed and quantitative study of the magnetic properties of Ising two-spin system at zero temperature in the presence of longitudinal, transverse and mixed fields, and also at finite temperatures.At the critical longitudinal magnetic field, the system is found to undergo a QPT to a ferromagnetic state.For this system, an infinitesimal departure from zero transverse field is found to trigger off QPT and also remove the degeneracies that persisted even in the presence of longitudinal field.These quantum fluctuations, leading to QPT are more evident in the mixed field than the separate effect of longitudinal and transverse fields.The observed quantum effects at zero temperature for this system are found to be completely wiped out at finite temperatures due to thermal fluctuations.A temperature increase favours antiferromagnetic alignment of spins, while a decrease in temperature favours ferromagnetic alignment.
In this paper, the features of quantum teleportation of a maximally entangled input thermal state using a system, consisting of two qubits (spin-1/2) anisotropic XY Heisenberg model with Herring–Flicker coupling in the presence of a magnetic field, are discussed. So, we study the influence on the thermal entanglement of different physical parameters such as temperature [Formula: see text], magnetic field [Formula: see text], degree of anisotropy [Formula: see text] and distance [Formula: see text] between the two spins. The goal is to determine the conditions of use of the system as a good channel to promote quantum teleportation. The amount of output entanglement is quantified by the concurrence [Formula: see text], and the quality of teleportation is analyzed using the concept of fidelity [Formula: see text]. It is shown that [Formula: see text] presents a maximum at extremely low temperature for a large range of the parameter [Formula: see text]. Also, when we increase the temperature, we observe a dissipation of the appropriate range of [Formula: see text] and the decrease of the amplitude of [Formula: see text]. Besides, under an external magnetic field [Formula: see text], we show the appearance of quantum phase transitions with the entanglement vanishing when the condition [Formula: see text] is fulfilled, then the system can ensure the ideal communication transmission. Concerning the Ising model [Formula: see text] in the ground state, the output entanglement is nonzero only in the presence of the magnetic field [Formula: see text], and this model is useful for ensuring a distorted transmission. At finite temperature, the fidelity [Formula: see text] is less than the value 2/3, so that the system is useless as a quantum channel for providing quantum teleportation.