Microsoft and Nokia have made significant efforts toward topological quantum computers—a new type of quantum computer that could be far less fragile than other options. But bulletproof evidence of a topological quantum bit remains elusive.
Topological qubits, especially Majorana zero modes based qubits, possess the intrinsic error correction and stability, and thus have the potential to revolutionize computation. Majorana based topological qubits are the focus of Microsoft's approach and they are different from traditional qubit technologies. In this study, we investigate the theoretical foundations of scalable, fault tolerant quantum computing, evaluate Microsoft's progress towards this goal and identify key challenges toward this challenging goal. A study based on a survey methodology is performed, studying awareness and perception about topological qubits. Theoretical advantages of topological qubits are evident, but realization of them through material fabrication and integration is difficult, as found. The results of the survey show the knowledge gaps of respondents as well as perceived benefit of topological quantum computing. There are more advances to be made in qubit control and scalability, but the Majorana ISing process proposed by Microsoft is promising. It is needed to bridge the gap between practicability and theory, for future research should be about the increase of material stability as well as experimental validation.
Around 2014, the latest hot news in quantum biology was the observation by the group led by Anirban Bandyopadhyay about detection of quantum vibration in microtubule scale - their lengths vary up to 50 micrometer. If this observation can be replicated, one can speak about a breakthrough in quantum consciousness. The findings reported in an earlier talk of Bandyopadhyay give support for the general TGD inspired view about topological quantum computation (TQC) and allow for a rather detailed model in the case of microtubules. The idea is that flux tubes form a 2-D coordinate grid consisting of parallel flux tubes in two different directions. Crossing points would be associated with tubulins and the conformational state of tubulin could define a bit coding whether the braid strands defining coordinate lines are braided or not (swap or not). In this manner any bit pattern at microtubule defines a particular TQC program. If also the conformations are quantum superposed, one would have "quantum-quantum computation". It however seems that conformation change is an irreversible chemical reaction so that this option is not feasible. The TGD inspired modification of the proposal in terms of flux tube coordinate grids making possible TQC architectures with tubulin dimers defining bits defining in turn TQC program looks rather natural. Coordinate grids can be fixed on the basis of the experimental findings and there are 8 of them.