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Europhysics news

Challenges and opportunities in theory and modeling of quantum materials

Annica M. Black‐Schaffer, Oscar Grånäs, Anders Bergman

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Materials display an astonishing range of phenomena, many of them with no classical description. These are quantum materials: superconductors, magnets, topological insulators and beyond. Discovering, understanding, and exploiting materials with dominating quantum effects is key for future quantum technologies. To make progress, theory and modeling is essential.

DOI
10.1051/epn/2025212

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Materials display an astonishing range of phenomena, many of them with no classical description. These are quantum materials: superconductors, magnets, topological insulators and beyond. Discovering, understanding, and exploiting materials with dominating quantum effects is key for future quantum technologies. To make progress, theory and modeling is essential.
Quantum materials, characterized by their unique electronic, magnetic, and optical properties, are poised to revolutionize the future of computing and communication. These materials, including topological insulators, superconductors, and two-dimensional materials like graphene, exhibit quantum mechanical effects at macroscopic scales, offering unprecedented capabilities for technological advancement. In computing, quantum materials enable the development of quantum bits (qubits) that can perform complex computations at speeds unattainable by classical computers, significantly enhancing processing power and efficiency. For communication, they facilitate ultra-secure quantum communication networks through quantum entanglement and superposition, ensuring data integrity and privacy. Additionally, quantum materials support the creation of novel electronic devices with superior performance and energy efficiency. As research progresses, integrating quantum materials into practical applications will address current limitations and open new horizons in information technology, marking a pivotal shift toward a pioneering future in computing and communication.
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This article is meant as a gentle introduction to the topological terms that often play a decisive role in effective theories describing topological quantum effects in condensed matter systems. We first take up several prominent examples, mainly from the area of quantum magnetism and superfluids/superconductors. We then briefly discuss how these ideas are now finding incarnations in the studies of symmetry-protected topological phases, which are in a sense a generalization of the concept of topological insulators to a wider range of materials, including magnets and cold atoms.
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