Hybrid Quantum-Classical Machine Learning Models: A Review
Miss. Rupeshwari Janardan Rangari
Hybrid quantum-classical machine learning (HQML) models represent an emerging computational paradigm that combines the strengths of quantum computing and classical artificial intelligence to solve complex learning problems more efficiently.Quantum computing offers massive parallelism, superposition, and entanglement, enabling computational capabilities beyond classical systems for selected tasks.However, current quantum hardware remains limited by noise, decoherence, and scalability constraints.Hybrid architectures overcome these limitations by integrating quantum processors with classical machine learning frameworks, allowing practical implementation on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices.This review paper presents a comprehensive study of hybrid quantum-classical machine learning models, including their architecture, working principles, quantum circuits, optimization techniques, and applications in healthcare, cybersecurity, finance, robotics, and big data analytics.The paper also discusses quantum neural networks, variational quantum circuits, quantum support vector machines, and quantum generative models.Furthermore, comparative analysis between classical and hybrid quantum systems is presented to evaluate performance, scalability, computational efficiency, and implementation challenges.Major issues such as quantum noise, hardware limitations, algorithm complexity, and high operational cost are examined in detail.Finally, future research directions and emerging trends in hybrid quantum-classical computing are discussed.The review concludes that HQML models have the potential to revolutionize next-generation intelligent computing systems.
International Journal of Engineering and Creative Science•May 10, 2026•0 citations