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Applied Physics A

Multi-wave mixing-based topological three-dimensional atom microscopy in an atomic medium

Najm Uddin, Meraj Ali Khan, Afaz Uddin

Published Apr 30, 2025• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s00339-025-08556-1

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Abstract This work examines the 3D localization microscopy of atoms through a new technique employing absorption spectroscopy within a four-level atomic system under multi-wave mixing (MWM) conditions, combined with surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The method facilitates the determination of cylindrical and ellipsoidal atomic localization patterns, as well as the realization of one and two atom localization microscopy. The detuning, intensity, phase, and orientation of the applied driving fields are adjusted to precisely control and modulate the probability distribution of localized atoms. The spatial confinement and transitions between distinct localization patterns are significantly influenced by these parameters, which provide a high degree of modification and tunability. The results also illustrate the formation of ellipsoidal localizations across multiple quadrants, as well as the controllable shifting between two localized cylindrical patterns and a unified single-cylinder structure. The findings of this study have the potential to considerably accelerate the development of applications in laser cooling and quantum information processing.
Abstract We investigate one-dimensional position microscopy of a three-level atom moving through a stationary wave region under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency. The precise position information of an atom is observed on the resonance absorption and dispersion distribution spectrum of a weak probe field. Single and multiple localization peaks are observed in specific directions of the corresponding wave numbers and phase of the standing wave fields. The strength of space-independent Rabi frequency reduces the position uncertainty in the localized peaks without disturbing the probability of the atom. In a hot atomic medium the localized probability of an atom is reduced which depends upon the temperature of that medium. Our results provide useful applications in the development of laser cooling, atom nanolithography and Bose–Einstein condensation.