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Scientific Reports

Azimuthally dependent absorption and gain in an atomic system with spontaneously generated coherence controlled by an optical vortex field

Viačeslav Kudriašov, Teodora Kirova, Seyyed Hossein Asadpour, Hamid Reza Hamedi

Published Apr 15, 2025• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper examines spatially dependent absorption and gain of a weak probe field in a 3-level atomic Λ-system with spontaneously generated coherence and incoherent pump, using an optical vortex beam as the control field. The inhomogeneous phase distribution between the probe and vortex fields modulates the transverse distribution of the system's optical response. A flexible control over the azimuthal modulation in the transverse plane can be achieved by changing such parameters as the orbital angular momentum and the optical transition detuning. The vortex parameters can also be used to affect the population distribution of the atomic system's upper state. This method for achieving precise control over the optical response characteristics contributes to advances in optical information and communication, quantum devices and sensing.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-025-96197-y

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This paper examines spatially dependent absorption and gain of a weak probe field in a 3-level atomic Λ-system with spontaneously generated coherence and incoherent pump, using an optical vortex beam as the control field. The inhomogeneous phase distribution between the probe and vortex fields modulates the transverse distribution of the system's optical response. A flexible control over the azimuthal modulation in the transverse plane can be achieved by changing such parameters as the orbital angular momentum and the optical transition detuning. The vortex parameters can also be used to affect the population distribution of the atomic system's upper state. This method for achieving precise control over the optical response characteristics contributes to advances in optical information and communication, quantum devices and sensing.
Abstract We have studied two-dimensional absorption, gain, and corresponding refractive index profiles in a ladder-type three-level atomic system interacting with three coherent fields. One is a weak probe field considered as a plane wave, while the other two are the control fields taken as two Laguerre–Gaussian doughnut beams. Position dependence of two vortex beams induces the spatially modulated coherence at the condition of resonance, which enables us to obtain space-dependent absorption, transparency, gain without inversion (GWI), and refractive index enhancement in the present scheme. The azimuthal modulation of coherence effects is attributed to the presence of optical angular momentum of the vortex beams. Under the influence of an additional travelling wave field with the presence of two vortex beams, the present model leads us to obtain an ultra-large enhancement of refractive index at the resonant detuning of the fields. This phenomenon makes the atom-field system to play the equivalent role of a high-refractive-index prism. The role of near dipole–dipole (NDD) interaction on the modulation of position-dependent coherence effects has also been investigated. It has been shown that, without any inclusion of the travelling wave field in the system, the phenomenon of resonant enhancement of refractive index may also occur in the presence of NDD effect. The new way of generating spatially controlled GWI and nonlinear refractive index enhancement is specific to the present model. This work seems to be useful for finding its applications in spatially modulated coherence controlled electromagnetically induced transparency-based quantum devices like quantum optical memory, switches, and quantum logic gates, where the refractive index switching phenomenon is a prerequisite.
In this paper, we investigate the spatially dependent absorption characteristics of a four-level atomic mercury system interacting with optical vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). By measuring the imaginary part of the susceptibility of the probe field, we explore the effects of various configurations of control fields on the absorption profile. Initially, we examine the case with a single-composite OAM beam, observing that regions of reduced absorption form flower-like petal patterns, which become more pronounced with increasing OAM values. Introducing a second composite beam with matching or differing OAM values significantly modifies these patterns, leading to enhanced control over the spatial distribution of absorption and transparency. Additionally, we consider the impact of an incoherent pumping field on the transition. Our findings show that the incoherent pumping field further refines the absorption patterns, enabling precise control over the spatial zones of high and low transmission. This effect is particularly pronounced in non-resonant conditions, where the spatial distribution of transparency and absorption can be finely tuned by modifying the OAM characteristics of the composite beams. These results demonstrate the potential of using OAM composite beams and incoherent pumping fields to manipulate light-matter interactions at the quantum level, with applications in high-resolution imaging, quantum information storage, and the creation of complex optical traps for atomic systems.
Abstract We analyze azimuthal modulation of probe field absorption profile in a closed four-level inverted Y-type atomic system. We employ a Laguerre–Gaussian beam and a microwave field to realize spatially varying atomic susceptibility, which is responsible for the generation of structured light. An extra nonvortex control beam is used to ensure electromagnetically induced transparency at the core of Laguerre–Gaussian beam. Our proposed model exhibits both absorption and gain at different azimuthal angles, and orbital angular momentum of light can be identified via absorption profile of the probe field. We further discuss the transfer of optical vortices from Laguerre–Gaussian beam to the transmitted probe field.
We propose a scheme to map atoms via the coherence superpositions of orbital angular momentum (OAM) light. The atoms are prepared in the four-level tripod configuration in the presence of a vortex light, which coherently superposes two Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam modes with equal but opposite OAM. Because of the spatially dependent atom-field interaction, the information about the position of the atom can be obtained via the absorption measurement of the weak probe field. It is found that the absorption behavior is significantly impacted by the detuning, control field, azimuthal number, and radial number. Most importantly, atomic mapping accuracy can be controlled by properly adjusting the detunings and control field. The coherent interaction of OAM light with atoms constitutes a platform for active mapping of atoms at specific positions in azimuthal space.
The noise-induced coherence created via the quantum interference of incoherent radiation in atomic three-level systems of V and \ensuremath{\Lambda} types driven by a pair of weak laser pulses is shown to result in exchange of optical vortices. In the three- level V-type atom-light coupling the system is populated in its ground level, while in the \ensuremath{\Lambda} model the system is initially prepared in an electromagnetically induced transparency state. By solving the quantum optical Maxwell-Bloch equations and with quantum interference of incoherent radiation present, we show that the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the vortex probe beam can be transferred to a generated signal field. While the exchange efficiency in the V configuration is higher, the losses are less in the \ensuremath{\Lambda} scheme when we consider such a noise-induced coherence. We further discuss the effects of phase mismatching and inhomogeneous broadening on the energy conversion between light beams carrying OAM.
Behavior of structure light is investigated by monitoring probe absorption using a microwave-driven Y-type atomic media configuration. The system under consideration is driven by one of the control vortex beams as well as an extra non-vortex control beam to ensure electromagnetically induced transparency. The significant aspect in the generation of structured light is the azimuthal phase-dependent modification for probe absorption. Further intensity distribution for absorption spectra is examined for simultaneously evaluating both the control vortex beams. We also go through the radial distribution of intensity for various orbital angular momentum values. Different modes of structural beams may be distinguished using the suggested approach. Our research gives us a way for rapidly transferring vortex wavefronts from control field to probe absorption profile. This could be useful in quantum information processing.