Quantum metasurfaces composed of subwavelength two-dimensional atomic arrays hold great promise as a practical and scalable atom-photon interface. However, these quantum metasurfaces are limited to amplitude control of photonic states thereby restricting the quantum information processing task they can implement. In this work, we present a method that enables precise control over the phase distribution of quantum photonic states. We achieve this by developing a quantum holography technique, which involves preparing a superposition of holograms and leveraging both electromagnetically induced transparency and long-range Rydberg interactions. Our method enables encoding of arbitrary recoverable images that are entangled with the atomic array degrees of freedom rapidly on the order of microseconds. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to include many-body atom-photon entangled states by establishing a quantitative mapping between the atomic and photonic states. Finally, we discuss the experimental realization of our approach, potential error mechanisms, and practical quantum optics applications.
Quantum metasurfaces composed of subwavelength two-dimensional atomic arrays hold great promise as a practical and scalable atom-photon interface. However, these quantum metasurfaces are limited to amplitude control of photonic states thereby restricting the quantum information processing task they can implement. In this work, we present a method that enables precise control over the phase distribution of quantum photonic states. We achieve this by developing a quantum holography technique, which involves preparing a superposition of holograms and leveraging both electromagnetically induced transparency and long-range Rydberg interactions. Our method enables encoding of arbitrary recoverable images that are entangled with the atomic array degrees of freedom rapidly on the order of microseconds. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to include many-body atom-photon entangled states by establishing a quantitative mapping between the atomic and photonic states. Finally, we discuss the experimental realization of our approach, potential error mechanisms, and practical quantum optics applications.
Quantum imaging leverages entanglement and photon correlations to surpass classical limits in resolution and noise performance. However, its practical deployment is constrained by bulky optical setups and limited system adaptability. Metasurfaces—ultrathin, subwavelength-structured devices—offer a compact and reconfigurable solution for wavefront control in quantum light fields. This review presents recent advances in geometric-, propagation-, and hybrid-phase metasurface designs, showcasing their contributions to enhanced spatial resolution, improved visibility, and system miniaturization across applications such as ghost imaging, quantum holography, and single-photon microscopy. It also examines key challenges—including photon loss, fabrication-induced phase noise, and the lack of dynamic tunability—while outlining future directions for developing integrated, noise-resilient, and task-specific quantum imaging platforms.
Metasurfaces can precisely manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of incident light through subwavelength structures, greatly advancing the quantum meta-holographic imaging. However, the current methods of using quantum holography only control either the amplitude or the phase on the imaging plane, so the resulted scalar holography without the polarization distribution has limited imaging channels. Here, the vectorial meta-holography using entangled signal-idler photon pairs is experimentally demonstrated to realize remotely controlled multi-channel quantum imaging. By simultaneous control of the amplitude ratio between two cross-polarization holographic images and their phase difference on the image plane, the polarization distribution accordingly changes with the incident polarization state. The accurate correspondence ensures the correct reconstruction of 32 incident polarization states with an average fidelity up to 94.78%. This enables entangled idler photons to remotely control the holographic images reconstructed by the entangled signal photons, where the signal-to-noise ratio is as high as 10.78 dB, even for maximally mixed quantum states. This vectorial meta-holography using entangled states has a larger polarization state information capacity and will facilitate miniaturized quantum imaging and efficient quantum state tomography.
Metasurface holography has great application potential in the fields of optical display, optical storage, and security. Traditional metasurface holography uses the well-designed subwavelength structure to modulate the incident laser beam. Although many researches about laser metasurface holography have been realized, metasurface holography based on quantum light sources is rare. Here, we realized quantum metasurface holography through single-photon and multichannel polarization multiplexing metasurfaces, and we compared the quantum results with laser results. Our work proves that quantum light sources can be well modulated by the subwavelength structure of integrated metasurfaces and extend both fields of metasurfaces and quantum optics. This result shows that metasurfaces have the potential for use in various quantum devices to reduce the size of quantum devices, improve quantum efficiency, and enhance practicability, reliability, and accuracy.
While artificially fabricated patterned metasurfaces are providing paradigm-shifting optical components for classical light manipulation, strongly interacting, controllable, and deterministic quantum interfaces between light and matter in free space remain an outstanding challenge.Here, we theoretically demonstrate how to achieve quantum control of both the electric and magnetic components of an incident single-photon pulse by engineering the collective response of a two-dimensional atomic array.High-fidelity absorption and storage in a long-lived subradiant state, and its subsequent retrieval, are achieved by controlling classically or quantum-mechanically the ac Stark shifts of the atomic levels and suppressing the scattering during the absorption.Quantum wave-front control of the transmitted photon with nearly zero reflection is prepared by coupling the collective state of the array to another photon in a cavity and by engineering a Huygens' surface of atoms using only a single coherent standing wave.The proposed schemes allow for the generation of entanglement between the cavity, the lattice, and hence the state of the stored, reflected, or transmitted light, and for quantum-state transfer between the cavity and propagating photons.Bipartite entanglement generation is explicitly calculated between a stored single-photon excitation of the array and the cavity photon.We illustrate the control by manipulating the phase, phase superposition, polarization, and direction of a transmitted or reflected photon, providing quantum-optical switches and functional quantum interfaces between light and atoms that could form links in a larger quantum information platform.
Metasurfaces made of subwavelength silicon nanopillars provide unparalleled capacity to manipulate light, and have emerged as one of the leading platforms for developing integrated photonic devices. In this study, we report on a compact, passive approach based on planar metasurface optics to generate large optical trap arrays. The unique configuration is achieved with a meta-hologram to convert a single incident laser beam into an array of individual beams, followed up with a metalens to form multiple laser foci for single rubidium atom trapping. We experimentally demonstrate two-dimensional arrays of 5 × 5 and 25 × 25 at the wavelength of 830 nm, validating the capability and scalability of our metasurface design. Beam waists ∼1.5 µm, spacings (about 15 µm), and low trap depth variations (8%) of relevance to quantum control for an atomic array are achieved in a robust and efficient fashion. The presented work highlights a compact, stable, and scalable trap array platform well-suitable for Rydberg-state mediated quantum gate operations, which will further facilitate advances in neutral atom quantum computing.