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CRC Press eBooks

Quantum Breakthrough

Soorena Merat, Wahab Almuhtadi

Published Apr 11, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Analog computers have a rich history and have been used for centuries to solve complex problems. Unlike digital computers, they operate on continuous data. This unique approach is found in everything from early mechanical calculators to specialized encryption devices. The core idea is to split a significant problem into smaller, independent tasks that can be solved simultaneously by multiple processors/cores. Think of it as many cooks in a kitchen working on different dishes for a meal.

DOI
10.1201/9781003500698-5

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Analog computers have a rich history and have been used for centuries to solve complex problems. Unlike digital computers, they operate on continuous data. This unique approach is found in everything from early mechanical calculators to specialized encryption devices. The core idea is to split a significant problem into smaller, independent tasks that can be solved simultaneously by multiple processors/cores. Think of it as many cooks in a kitchen working on different dishes for a meal.
Computers today become faster by becoming smaller. By reducing the size of transistors, engineers are able to fit more of them on a given size microprocessor, thus increasing the processor's computational power. This process cannot continue forever. It has been estimated that sometime within the next two decades, at the current rate, engineers will be faced with the problem of building something that is smaller than an atom. This is as far as our current "classical" computing paradigm will take us. Quantum computing is a potential solution to this problem. This paradigm of computing seeks to directly exploit quantum mechanical phenomena to perform calculations or in some way boost computational efficiency. Some problems can theoretically be solved on a quantum computer exponentially faster than on a classical computer. An overview of the subject is provided here with emphasis on quantum information processing and physical realizations of a quantum computer. Included is a brief history of the subject, a discussion of quantum computing notions such as parallelism and entanglement and their use in quantum algorithms, and conjecture on the prospects and pitfalls of this theory.
Research in quantum computing allows us to think about computing in a new and different way, having the ambition to solve problems more efficiently than with classical computing. Now a days, conventional tasks cannot be practically developed in a quantum computer, however, it is possible to think and develop abstractions of them, for example through quantum programming languages, being the core of this research, in particular the Quantum Meta Language (QML). We present a semantic model that incorporates reversibility via a history track for the quantum programming language QML, considering classical and quantum data, omitting measurements. With the history, the reversibility can be explicitly and naturally applied from the proposed rules. The language is worked first with classical data and extrapolated to quantum data. Also, the QML language and quantum lambda calculus were linked, giving as product a syntax with quantum measurements, operational semantics, typing rules and some formal proofs.
Context. Nature is the relation among processes and phenomena. Nothing exists in the universe without relations. Computer is transactions of relations between data with the help of control and execution mechanisms. Quantum relations are a superposition of particles and their states. Superposition and entanglement are equivalent concepts. Entanglement is a non-local superposition of deterministic states. A quantum computer is unconditional transactions of relations between qubit data. Quantum computer is an analog device for parallel solution of combinatorial problems. Practically oriented definitions of the quantum computer concepts are the path to development of scalable quantum parallel algorithms for combinatorial problems solving. Any algorithm can be reduced to a sequence of operations without conditions, because any truth table is a collection of a complete system of conditions-states. Any sequence of actions can always be reduced to one parallel operation. Conditions and sequences arise only when the developer wants to use previously created primitive constructs to build an always non-optimal computing unit. The paradigm of quantum computer creation is determined through the use of photonic transactions on the electrons of an atom may exclude the use of quantum logic. The evolutionary path of a quantum computer from the classical one: “memory-address-transaction” (MAT) → “electron-addresstransaction” → “electron-address-quantaction” (EAQ) → state-superposition-logic. The meeting point of classical and quantum computers is photon transactions on the structure of electrons. Everything that is calculated on a quantum computer can be calculated in parallel on a classical one on account of memory redundancy. The given example is a memory-driven algorithm for modeling digital products based on qubit-vector forms of functionality description for significant performance boost of computing processes by parallel execution of logical operations. Objective. Simulation of the correct SoC-component behavior based on vector representation of the logic. Formation of the triggering development of a computing based on the superposition of the classical, quantum and analog computing process, which in its development should be based on technological qubit, tabular and vector data structures for the parallel solution of combinatorial problems. Method. MAT-computing implements any algorithms on account of transactions (read-write) in memory. Qubit-vector models for describing functionalities, which differ from known truth tables in compactness of description and manufacturability for the implementation of parallel algorithms of the synthesis and analysis of digital devices and SoC-components. Results. 1) The metric of the technological data structures, focused on parallel troubleshooting in digital systems based on the usage of two logical vector operations, was proposed for the first time. 2) The metric of relations between the individual components of QC, allowing organizing a quantum deterministic computer, has been further developed. 3) Quantum architectural solutions, that allow solving coverage problems in a quasi-parallel mode, were proposed for the first time. 4) Architectural solutions based on an analog-to-digital computing, which can be used to solve the problems of the digital systems parallel analysis, have been further developed. 5) Vector-qubit structures of the logic data, that allow a quasi-parallel simulation of digital circuits, were proposed. Conclusions. Qubit models, quantum methods and combinatorial algorithms for technical diagnostics of digital devices have been implemented, which can significantly (up to 25%) reduce the time of test synthesis, deductive modeling of faulty and correct behavior, search for defective states by introducing an innovative idea of using qubit-vector data structures for describing logical components. Comparative assessments of qubit models and methods usage show an increase in the efficiency of algorithms for modeling digital devices compared to tabular ones. The superposition of a classical, quantum and analog computer is integrally represented, which allows to find the best solutions for recognition and decision making.
Quantum computing represents one of the most profound technological and intellectual advances of the twenty-first century. Rooted in the principles of quantum mechanics and enriched by developments in computer science, mathematics, and engineering, quantum computing offers fundamentally new ways of processing information. By exploiting phenomena such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum interference, quantum computers promise to solve certain classes of problems that remain intractable for even the most powerful classical machines.