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Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience

Further N-Frame networking dynamics of conscious observer-self agents via a functional contextual interface: predictive coding, double-slit quantum mechanical experiment, and decision-making fallacy modeling as applied to the measurement problem in humans and AI

Darren J. Edwards

Published Apr 1, 2025• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made some remarkable advances in recent years, particularly within the area of large language models (LLMs) that produce human-like conversational abilities via utilizing transformer-based architecture. These advancements have sparked growing calls to develop tests not only for intelligence but also for consciousness. However, existing benchmarks assess reasoning abilities across various domains but fail to directly address consciousness. To bridge this gap, this paper introduces the functional contextual N -Frame model, a novel framework integrating predictive coding, quantum Bayesian (QBism), and evolutionary dynamics. This comprehensive model explicates how conscious observers, whether human or artificial, should update beliefs and interact within a quantum cognitive system. It provides a dynamic account of belief evolution through the interplay of internal observer states and external stimuli. By modeling decision-making fallacies such as the conjunction fallacy and conscious intent collapse experiments within this quantum probabilistic framework, the N -Frame model establishes structural and functional equivalence between cognitive processes identified within these experiments and traditional quantum mechanics (QM). It is hypothesized that consciousness serves as an active participant in wavefunction collapse (or actualization of the physical definite states we see), bridging quantum potentiality and classical outcomes via internal observer states and contextual interactions via a self-referential loop. This framework formalizes decision-making processes within a Hilbert space, mapping cognitive states to quantum operators and contextual dependencies, and demonstrates structural and functional equivalence between cognitive and quantum systems in order to address the measurement problem. Furthermore, the model extends to testable predictions about AI consciousness by specifying informational boundaries, contextual parameters, and a conscious-time dimension derived from Anti-de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory correspondence (AdS/CFT). This paper theorizes that human cognitive biases reflect adaptive, evolutionarily stable strategies that optimize predictive accuracy (i.e., evolved quantum heuristic strategies rather than errors relative to classical rationality) under uncertainty within a quantum framework, challenging the classical interpretation of irrationality. The N -Frame model offers a unified account of consciousness, decision-making, behavior, and quantum mechanics, incorporating the idea of finding truth without proof (thus overcoming Gödelian uncertainty), insights from quantum probability theory (such as the Linda cognitive bias findings), and the possibility that consciousness can cause waveform collapse (or perturbation) accounting for the measurement problem. It proposes a process for conscious time and branching worldlines to explain subjective experiences of time flow and conscious free will. These theoretical advancements provide a foundation for interdisciplinary exploration into consciousness, cognition, and quantum systems, offering a path toward developing tests for AI consciousness and addressing the limitations of classical computation in representing conscious agency.

DOI
10.3389/fncom.2025.1551960

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Artificial intelligence (AI) has made some remarkable advances in recent years, particularly within the area of large language models (LLMs) that produce human-like conversational abilities via utilizing transformer-based architecture. These advancements have sparked growing calls to develop tests not only for intelligence but also for consciousness. However, existing benchmarks assess reasoning abilities across various domains but fail to directly address consciousness. To bridge this gap, this paper introduces the functional contextual N -Frame model, a novel framework integrating predictive coding, quantum Bayesian (QBism), and evolutionary dynamics. This comprehensive model explicates how conscious observers, whether human or artificial, should update beliefs and interact within a quantum cognitive system. It provides a dynamic account of belief evolution through the interplay of internal observer states and external stimuli. By modeling decision-making fallacies such as the conjunction fallacy and conscious intent collapse experiments within this quantum probabilistic framework, the N -Frame model establishes structural and functional equivalence between cognitive processes identified within these experiments and traditional quantum mechanics (QM). It is hypothesized that consciousness serves as an active participant in wavefunction collapse (or actualization of the physical definite states we see), bridging quantum potentiality and classical outcomes via internal observer states and contextual interactions via a self-referential loop. This framework formalizes decision-making processes within a Hilbert space, mapping cognitive states to quantum operators and contextual dependencies, and demonstrates structural and functional equivalence between cognitive and quantum systems in order to address the measurement problem. Furthermore, the model extends to testable predictions about AI consciousness by specifying informational boundaries, contextual parameters, and a conscious-time dimension derived from Anti-de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory correspondence (AdS/CFT). This paper theorizes that human cognitive biases reflect adaptive, evolutionarily stable strategies that optimize predictive accuracy (i.e., evolved quantum heuristic strategies rather than errors relative to classical rationality) under uncertainty within a quantum framework, challenging the classical interpretation of irrationality. The N -Frame model offers a unified account of consciousness, decision-making, behavior, and quantum mechanics, incorporating the idea of finding truth without proof (thus overcoming Gödelian uncertainty), insights from quantum probability theory (such as the Linda cognitive bias findings), and the possibility that consciousness can cause waveform collapse (or perturbation) accounting for the measurement problem. It proposes a process for conscious time and branching worldlines to explain subjective experiences of time flow and conscious free will. These theoretical advancements provide a foundation for interdisciplinary exploration into consciousness, cognition, and quantum systems, offering a path toward developing tests for AI consciousness and addressing the limitations of classical computation in representing conscious agency.
Understanding the foundations of artificial cognitive consciousness remains a central challenge in artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive science. Traditional computational models, including deep learning and symbolic AI, have demonstrated remarkable performance in pattern recognition and decisionmaking tasks. However, they lack essential features of consciousness, such as subjective experience, autonomous goal formation, and self-reflective processing. While theories like Integrated Information Theory (IIT) and Orch-OR suggest possible mechanisms for consciousness, they remain either mathematically abstract or face empirical challenges due to decoherence in biological conditions. This study addresses the fundamental research gap by proposing a quantum-information-based framework for artificial cognitive consciousness. Specifically, we introduce the Quantum Reality Function (QRF), a model that formalizes subjective cognition through global quantum coherence, quantum entanglement, and non-local informational integration. The QRF establishes a structured mechanism for autonomous decision-making and selfgenerated states, which existing computational approaches lack. Our methodological contribution involves defining a mathematically consistent formulation of QRF and demonstrating its feasibility through quantum coherence stabilization techniques, hybrid quantum-classical architectures, and coherencepreserving quantum cognitive subsystems. The results show that maintaining long-lived quantum coherence within cognitive architectures significantly enhances information integration, supporting the emergence of subjective-like processing. The findings suggest a new paradigm for AI, where consciousness emerges as an intrinsic property of structured quantuminformation processing rather than a byproduct of computation. This work provides foundational insights for the development of autonomous quantum-cognitive AI systems, with implications for ethics, AI governance, and the future of machine intelligence. Future research will focus on empirical validation through quantum computational experiments and integration with quantumassisted learning models.
Understanding the foundations of artificial cognitive consciousness remains a central challenge in artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive science. Traditional computational models, including deep learning and symbolic AI, have demonstrated remarkable performance in pattern recognition and decisionmaking tasks. However, they lack essential features of consciousness, such as subjective experience, autonomous goal formation, and self-reflective processing. While theories like Integrated Information Theory (IIT) and Orch-OR suggest possible mechanisms for consciousness, they remain either mathematically abstract or face empirical challenges due to decoherence in biological conditions. This study addresses the fundamental research gap by proposing a quantum-information-based framework for artificial cognitive consciousness. Specifically, we introduce the Quantum Reality Function (QRF), a model that formalizes subjective cognition through global quantum coherence, quantum entanglement, and non-local informational integration. The QRF establishes a structured mechanism for autonomous decision-making and selfgenerated states, which existing computational approaches lack. Our methodological contribution involves defining a mathematically consistent formulation of QRF and demonstrating its feasibility through quantum coherence stabilization techniques, hybrid quantum-classical architectures, and coherencepreserving quantum cognitive subsystems. The results show that maintaining long-lived quantum coherence within cognitive architectures significantly enhances information integration, supporting the emergence of subjective-like processing. The findings suggest a new paradigm for AI, where consciousness emerges as an intrinsic property of structured quantuminformation processing rather than a byproduct of computation. This work provides foundational insights for the development of autonomous quantum-cognitive AI systems, with implications for ethics, AI governance, and the future of machine intelligence. Future research will focus on empirical validation through quantum computational experiments and integration with quantumassisted learning models.
Abstract The gap between natural and artificial intelligence is often discussed in terms of creativity, contextual adaptability, and non-algorithmic decision-making capacities where human cognition appears fundamentally different from current AI systems. This paper argues that developing quantum and quantum-like models of cognition, decision-making, and AI provides a promising pathway for narrowing, and perhaps essentially bridging, this gap. Empirical studies of human cognition and decision-making reveal systematic deviations from classical probability, logic, and information theory—manifesting as contextuality, order effects, interference (such as conjunction and disjunction effects), task incompatibility, and apparent randomness. These phenomena are well captured by quantum probability theory and related quantum-like frameworks, which provide a rigorous mathematical formalism—Hilbert spaces, superposition, entanglement, and decoherence—for modeling cognitive states and their evolution. Such models go beyond metaphor, showing that aspects of human reasoning can be more faithfully represented using quantum-like rather than classical probabilistic structures. Although genuine quantum (based on quantum physics) and quantum-like approaches share the same mathematical foundation, they differ experimentally. Both stimulate the development of novel AI architectures: quantum AI (QAI) and quantum-like AI (QLAI). While QAI depends on advances in quantum computing, QLAI can be realized on classical digital or analog hardware. The advancement of both offers a promising route to reducing—and potentially bridging—the divide between natural and artificial intelligence. This paper sets out a conceptual program to unify natural and artificial intelligence via quantum/quantum-like models of consciousness/cognition and AI.
This work introduces a unified lattice-based simulation model that operationalizes the Conscious Quantum Framework (CQF) and tests whether agent-driven collapse can produce measurable, non-random signatures. The model embeds the Intentional Collapse Operator into a network of coupled cellular units, enabling the analysis of internal–external basis selection, observer-dependent bias, global information transfer, and harmonic field modulation. Across multiple perspectives—global coherence, selective collapse trajectories, radial propagation, and interference under spherical harmonic driving—the simulations consistently produce structured outcomes distinguishable from probabilistic noise. Mutual information, transfer entropy, and bootstrap validation confirm robust information flow even under perturbations, noise, and heterogeneous coupling. The results provide computational evidence that CQF yields reproducible dynamical and statistical patterns, suggesting that intentional collapse is not only conceptually coherent but also testable within abstract mesoscopic systems. The framework establishes a foundation for connecting CQF predictions to physical, biological, or cognitive phenomena and outlines a path toward future empirical validation.
The double-slit interference experiment has long been widely misinterpreted as "human consciousness directly causing wavefunction collapse". This view confuses physical measurement interaction with subjective conscious experience and deviates from the orthodox interpretation of modern quantum mechanics. Starting from the double-slit experiment, this paper distinguishes the real physical mechanism of wavefunction collapse and points out that the disappearance of interference fringes originates from the physical coupling between measuring devices and microscopic particles as well as environmental decoherence, which has no direct causal relationship with conscious observation. On this basis, this paper proposes a self-consistent unified framework of consciousness and quantum universe: consciousness is not the trigger of collapse, but the ontological source of the entire quantum possibility universe. Through the Yang-Mills mass gap and symmetry breaking mechanism, consciousness condenses the potential quantum field into a material universe with mass, structure and stable dynamics. The biological brain acts as a localized carrier of consciousness, enabling the overall consciousness to observe and experience its own creation from a limited perspective, forming a closed loop of "consciousness creation—self-observation—self-cognition". This paper corrects systematic biases in popular science and public perception, and provides a rigorous and unified path for understanding the real role of consciousness in the quantum universe.
This work introduces a rigorous operator-theoretic framework for Projection Mechanics, Projection Dynamics, Qualia Mechanics, Qualia Dynamics, and Quantum Psychology. The manuscript formalizes psychology as a partial-state estimation problem on adaptive projection manifolds rather than a purely heuristic interpretive discipline. Consciousness is modeled as an internally accessible but externally projected experiential state system evolving under constrained observability. Core contributions include: Formal definition of projection operators mapping latent internal states into observable behavioral space Projection fiber geometry and inverse inference structure Adaptive projection dynamics governing masking, signaling, and observer-dependent behavioral modulation Qualia-state manifolds and experiential evolution equations Stability and resonance analysis for conscious trajectories Noncommuting psychological observables and contextual measurement structure Operator-theoretic formulation of Quantum Psychology Structural bridges between psychology, consciousness studies, measurement theory, and quantum operator frameworks The framework does not claim that consciousness is literally quantum mechanical. Instead, it demonstrates that conscious and psychological systems share deep structural similarities with partially observable operator systems studied in quantum measurement theory. The manuscript aims to provide a mathematically structured foundation for future work in: computational psychology, consciousness studies, cognitive dynamics, operator geometry, adaptive behavioral systems, and measurement-theoretic models of mind.