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OSA Advanced Photonics Congress

Integrating Quantum Communications in Telecom Infrastructures

Andrew J. Shields, Tina Müller

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Establishing practical quantum networks requires advanced functionality, such as quantum repeaters, to enable fully private networks operating over much larger distances. Here, I will review the development of quantum dot devices for these applications. Full-text article not available; see video presentation
DOI
10.1364/sppcom.2024.spw2h.3

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We have seen remarkable progress made over the last decade in the realization and exploitation of small-scale quantum communication technologies. The community is now at the stage where we need to consider how quantum repeaters and their associated networks are efficiently designed and implemented. This first requires us to define what a quantum repeater actually is and what functionality it requires. Associated with this is also the issue of its performance and when it is better than non-repeater approaches. In this talk, we explore such issues by taking incites from the conventional telecommunication world and use them to establish a framework for what quantum repeaters are and how their performance can be established. As part of this we clearly show that non-repeater approaches can exceed the direct transmission bounds. We extend these concepts to quantum networks and show one must be extremely careful when establishing the optimal communication bounds within them.
The realization of a functional quantum repeater is one of the major research goals in long-distance quantum communication. Among the different approaches that are being followed, the one relying on quantum memories interfaced with deterministic quantum emitters is considered as among one of the most promising solutions. In this work, we focus on memory-based quantum-repeater schemes that rely on semiconductor quantum dots for the generation of polarization entangled photons. Going through the most relevant figures of merit related to efficiency of the photon source, we select significant developments in fabrication, processing and tuning techniques aimed at combining high degree of entanglement with on-demand pair generation, with a special focus on the progress achieved in the representative case of the GaAs system. We proceed to offer a perspective on integration with quantum memories, both highlighting preliminary works on natural-artificial atomic interfaces and commenting a wide choice of currently available and potentially viable memory solutions in terms of wavelength, bandwidth and noise-requirements. To complete the overview, we also present recent implementations of entanglement-based quantum communication protocols with quantum dots and highlight the next challenges ahead for the implementation of practical quantum networks.
Quantum networking, heralded as the next frontier in communication networks, envisions a realm where quantum computers and devices collaborate to unlock capabilities beyond what is possible with the Internet. A critical component for realizing a long-distance quantum network, and ultimately, the Quantum Internet, is the quantum repeater. As with the race to build a scalable quantum computer with different technologies, various schemes exist for building quantum repeaters. This article offers a gentle introduction to the two-way “all-photonic quantum repeaters,” a recent addition to quantum repeater technologies. In contrast to conventional approaches, these repeaters eliminate the need for quantum memories, offering the dual benefits of higher repetition rates and intrinsic tolerance to both quantum operational errors and photon losses. Using visualization and simple rules for manipulating graph states, we describe how all-photonic quantum repeaters work. We discuss the problem of the increased volume of classical communication required by this scheme, which places a huge processing requirement on the end nodes. We address this problem by presenting a solution that decreases the amount of classical communication by three orders of magnitude. We conclude by highlighting other key open challenges in translating the theoretical all-photonic framework into real-world implementation, providing insights into the practical considerations and future research directions of all-photonic quantum repeater technology.