Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Microwaves, Antennas, and Propagation Conference (MAPCON)

Effect of resonator-coupled control line on microwave transmon qubit gate operations

Niloy Ghosh, Hemanth Gedela, Sarang Pendharker

Published Dec 9, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of a resonator-coupled microwave control line on transmon qubit operations. It is shown that introducing an intermediate resonator and appropriately positioning the qubit along the length of the microwave control line increases the relaxation-time at the qubit resonant frequency, which is highly desirable for executing high-fidelity quantum operations reliably. It is further highlighted that even though an intermediate resonator increases the qubit relaxation-time, it causes pulse-broadening of the microwave control signal leading to non-ideal quantum gate operations.

DOI
10.1109/mapcon61407.2024.10923241

Related papers

Fast microwave-driven two-qubit gates between fluxonium qubits with a transmon coupler

Siddharth Singh, Eugene Y. Huang, Jinlun Hu +6 more

Two qubit gates constitute fundamental building blocks in the realization of large-scale quantum devices. Using superconducting circuits, two-qubit gates have previously been implemented in different ways with each method aiming to maximize gate fidelity. Another important goal of a new gate scheme is to minimize the complexity of gate calibration. In this work, we demonstrate a high-fidelity two-qubit gate between two fluxonium qubits enabled by an intermediate capacitively coupled transmon. The coupling strengths between the qubits and the coupler are designed to minimize residual crosstalk while still allowing for fast gate operations. The gate is based on frequency selectively exciting the coupler using a microwave drive to complete a 2$π$ rotation, conditional on the state of the fluxonium qubits. When successful, this drive scheme implements a conditional phase gate. Using analytically derived pulse shapes, we minimize unwanted excitations of the coupler and obtain gate errors of $10^{-2}$ for gate times below 60~ns. At longer durations, our gate is limited by relaxation of the coupler. Our results show how carefully designed control pulses can speed up frequency selective entangling gates.

arXiv:2504.13718•Physical Review Applied•Oct 28, 2025•5 citations

Microwave-activated two-qubit gates for fixed-coupling and fixed-frequency transmon qubits

Ling Jiang, Peng Xu, Shengjun Wu +2 more

All-microwave control of fixed-frequency superconducting quantum systems offers the potential to reduce control circuit complexity and increase system coherence. Nevertheless, due to the limited control flexibility in qubit parameters, one has to address several issues, such as quantum crosstalk and frequency crowding, for scaling up qubit architecture with nontunable elements. This paper proposes a microwave-activated two-qubit gate scheme for two fixed-frequency transmon qubits coupled via a fixed-frequency transmon coupler. The protocol relies on applying a microwave pulse exclusively to the coupler, enabling the implementation of a controlled-$Z$ gate. We show that the gate fidelity exceeding 0.999 can be achieved within 150 ns, excluding decoherence effects. Moreover, we also show that leakage from the computational subspace to noncomputational states can also be effectively suppressed.

arXiv:2410.07817•Physical Review A•Mar 11, 2025•5 citations

Combating fluctuations in relaxation times of fixed-frequency transmon qubits with microwave-dressed states

Peng Zhao, Teng Ma, Yirong Jin +1 more

With the long coherence time, fixed-frequency transmon qubits are a promising qubit modality for quantum computing. Currently, diverse qubit architectures that utilize fixed-frequency transmon qubits have been demonstrated with high-fidelity gate performance. Nevertheless, the relaxation times of transmon qubits can have large temporal fluctuations, causing instabilities in gate performance. The fluctuations are often believed to be caused by nearly on-resonance couplings with sparse two-level-system (TLS) defects. To mitigate their impact on qubit coherence and gate performance, one direct approach is to tune the qubits away from these TLSs. In this work, to combat the potential TLS-induced performance fluctuations in a tunable-bus architecture unitizing fixed-frequency transmon qubits, we explore the possibility of using an off-resonance microwave drive to effectively tune the qubit frequency through the ac Stark shift while implementing universal gate operations on the microwave-dressed qubit. We show that the qubit frequency can be tuned up to 20 MHz through the ac Stark shift while keeping minimal impacts on the qubit control. Besides passive approaches that aim to remove these TLSs through more careful treatments of device fabrications, this work may offer an active approach towards mitigating the TLS-induced performance fluctuations in fixed-frequency transmon qubit devices.

arXiv:2203.07857•Physical Review A•Jun 17, 2022•13 citations

Decoherence in two-frequency-driven qubits

Väisänen, Petrus

Quantum computing has recently been a topic of great interest because quantum computers can possibly be used to solve problems that classical computers are unable to. However, the greatest holdback at the moment is that the fidelity of quantum gate operations is not high enough, which leads to inaccurate computations. A key aspect of quantum computing is single-qubit gates, which are executed utilizing external microwave photon sources, called qubit drives. Here, we theoretically investigate a quantum gate operation where a transmon qubit is controlled by two different driving frequencies at the same time. The two-frequency drive is a three-photon process, where the qubit gets excited when it absorbs two photons of one frequency and emits one photon of the other frequency. This allows placing on-chip filters on the drive ports that filter out noise at the qubit's transition frequency. We calculate the fidelity of the gate operation in the two-frequency-driven transmon starting with the Hamiltonian of the system. We assume the drive lines to be noisy, utilizing a classical model of noise, which inflicts small perturbations to the Hamiltonian. Hence, we utilize time-dependent perturbation theory in the calculations. The scaling of infidelity is found to be the same as in the case with resonant and subharmonic drives, being inversely proportional to the average photon numbers of the drives, assuming that the photon numbers are equal. The scaling of Rabi frequency is observed to be the same as with the subharmonic drive and better than with the resonant drive. Therefore, we obtain results for the two-frequency drive that are as good as the results in the subharmonic drive. An interesting observation is that decoherence seems to be partially caused by multi-photon processes at different frequencies.

•Dec 2, 2025•0 citations

Realization of Fast All-Microwave Controlled-Z Gates with a Tunable Coupler

Shaowei Li, Daojin Fan, Ming Gong +29 more

The development of high-fidelity two-qubit quantum gates is essential for digital quantum computing. Here, we propose and realize an all-microwave parametric controlled-Z (CZ) gates by coupling strength modulation in a superconducting Transmon qubit system with tunable couplers. After optimizing the design of the tunable coupler together with the control pulse numerically, we experimentally realized a 100 ns CZ gate with high fidelity of 99.38% ± 0.34% and the control error being 0.1%. We note that our CZ gates are not affected by pulse distortion and do not need pulse correction, providing a solution for the real-time pulse generation in a dynamic quantum feedback circuit. With the expectation of utilizing our all-microwave control scheme to reduce the number of control lines through frequency multiplexing in the future, our scheme draws a blueprint for the high-integrable quantum hardware design.

arXiv:2202.06616•Chinese Physics Letters•Feb 1, 2022•17 citations

Microwave-activated conditional-phase gate for superconducting qubits

Jerry M. Chow, Jay Gambetta, Andrew W. Cross +3 more

We introduce a new entangling gate between two fixed-frequency qubits statically coupled via a microwave resonator bus which combines the following desirable qualities: all-microwave control, appreciable qubit separation for reduction of crosstalk and leakage errors and the ability to function as a two-qubit conditional-phase gate. A fixed, always-on interaction is explicitly designed between higher energy (non-computational) states of two transmon qubits, and then a conditional-phase gate is 'activated' on the otherwise unperturbed qubit subspace via a microwave drive. We implement this microwave-activated conditional-phase gate with a fidelity from quantum process tomography of ∼ 87%.

arXiv:1307.2594•New Journal of Physics•Nov 19, 2013•134 citations
This paper investigates the effect of a resonator-coupled microwave control line on transmon qubit operations. It is shown that introducing an intermediate resonator and appropriately positioning the qubit along the length of the microwave control line increases the relaxation-time at the qubit resonant frequency, which is highly desirable for executing high-fidelity quantum operations reliably. It is further highlighted that even though an intermediate resonator increases the qubit relaxation-time, it causes pulse-broadening of the microwave control signal leading to non-ideal quantum gate operations.
Two qubit gates constitute fundamental building blocks in the realization of large-scale quantum devices. Using superconducting circuits, two-qubit gates have previously been implemented in different ways with each method aiming to maximize gate fidelity. Another important goal of a new gate scheme is to minimize the complexity of gate calibration. In this work, we demonstrate a high-fidelity two-qubit gate between two fluxonium qubits enabled by an intermediate capacitively coupled transmon. The coupling strengths between the qubits and the coupler are designed to minimize residual crosstalk while still allowing for fast gate operations. The gate is based on frequency selectively exciting the coupler using a microwave drive to complete a 2πππ rotation, conditional on the state of the fluxonium qubits. When successful, this drive scheme implements a conditional phase gate. Using analytically derived pulse shapes, we minimize unwanted excitations of the coupler and obtain gate errors of 10−210^{-2}10−2 for gate times below 60~ns. At longer durations, our gate is limited by relaxation of the coupler. Our results show how carefully designed control pulses can speed up frequency selective entangling gates.
All-microwave control of fixed-frequency superconducting quantum systems offers the potential to reduce control circuit complexity and increase system coherence. Nevertheless, due to the limited control flexibility in qubit parameters, one has to address several issues, such as quantum crosstalk and frequency crowding, for scaling up qubit architecture with nontunable elements. This paper proposes a microwave-activated two-qubit gate scheme for two fixed-frequency transmon qubits coupled via a fixed-frequency transmon coupler. The protocol relies on applying a microwave pulse exclusively to the coupler, enabling the implementation of a controlled-ZZZ gate. We show that the gate fidelity exceeding 0.999 can be achieved within 150 ns, excluding decoherence effects. Moreover, we also show that leakage from the computational subspace to noncomputational states can also be effectively suppressed.
With the long coherence time, fixed-frequency transmon qubits are a promising qubit modality for quantum computing. Currently, diverse qubit architectures that utilize fixed-frequency transmon qubits have been demonstrated with high-fidelity gate performance. Nevertheless, the relaxation times of transmon qubits can have large temporal fluctuations, causing instabilities in gate performance. The fluctuations are often believed to be caused by nearly on-resonance couplings with sparse two-level-system (TLS) defects. To mitigate their impact on qubit coherence and gate performance, one direct approach is to tune the qubits away from these TLSs. In this work, to combat the potential TLS-induced performance fluctuations in a tunable-bus architecture unitizing fixed-frequency transmon qubits, we explore the possibility of using an off-resonance microwave drive to effectively tune the qubit frequency through the ac Stark shift while implementing universal gate operations on the microwave-dressed qubit. We show that the qubit frequency can be tuned up to 20 MHz through the ac Stark shift while keeping minimal impacts on the qubit control. Besides passive approaches that aim to remove these TLSs through more careful treatments of device fabrications, this work may offer an active approach towards mitigating the TLS-induced performance fluctuations in fixed-frequency transmon qubit devices.
Quantum computing has recently been a topic of great interest because quantum computers can possibly be used to solve problems that classical computers are unable to. However, the greatest holdback at the moment is that the fidelity of quantum gate operations is not high enough, which leads to inaccurate computations. A key aspect of quantum computing is single-qubit gates, which are executed utilizing external microwave photon sources, called qubit drives. Here, we theoretically investigate a quantum gate operation where a transmon qubit is controlled by two different driving frequencies at the same time. The two-frequency drive is a three-photon process, where the qubit gets excited when it absorbs two photons of one frequency and emits one photon of the other frequency. This allows placing on-chip filters on the drive ports that filter out noise at the qubit's transition frequency. We calculate the fidelity of the gate operation in the two-frequency-driven transmon starting with the Hamiltonian of the system. We assume the drive lines to be noisy, utilizing a classical model of noise, which inflicts small perturbations to the Hamiltonian. Hence, we utilize time-dependent perturbation theory in the calculations. The scaling of infidelity is found to be the same as in the case with resonant and subharmonic drives, being inversely proportional to the average photon numbers of the drives, assuming that the photon numbers are equal. The scaling of Rabi frequency is observed to be the same as with the subharmonic drive and better than with the resonant drive. Therefore, we obtain results for the two-frequency drive that are as good as the results in the subharmonic drive. An interesting observation is that decoherence seems to be partially caused by multi-photon processes at different frequencies.
The development of high-fidelity two-qubit quantum gates is essential for digital quantum computing. Here, we propose and realize an all-microwave parametric controlled-Z (CZ) gates by coupling strength modulation in a superconducting Transmon qubit system with tunable couplers. After optimizing the design of the tunable coupler together with the control pulse numerically, we experimentally realized a 100 ns CZ gate with high fidelity of 99.38% ± 0.34% and the control error being 0.1%. We note that our CZ gates are not affected by pulse distortion and do not need pulse correction, providing a solution for the real-time pulse generation in a dynamic quantum feedback circuit. With the expectation of utilizing our all-microwave control scheme to reduce the number of control lines through frequency multiplexing in the future, our scheme draws a blueprint for the high-integrable quantum hardware design.
We introduce a new entangling gate between two fixed-frequency qubits statically coupled via a microwave resonator bus which combines the following desirable qualities: all-microwave control, appreciable qubit separation for reduction of crosstalk and leakage errors and the ability to function as a two-qubit conditional-phase gate. A fixed, always-on interaction is explicitly designed between higher energy (non-computational) states of two transmon qubits, and then a conditional-phase gate is 'activated' on the otherwise unperturbed qubit subspace via a microwave drive. We implement this microwave-activated conditional-phase gate with a fidelity from quantum process tomography of ∼ 87%.