This research aims to describe the potential impact of quantum sensors on the Department of Defense and the Intelligence Community using a conceptual framework derived from an extensive literature review. The goal is to provide senior science and technology professionals and advisors with an architecture to discern the tangible impacts of quantum sensing systems on national security. The review consists of open-source scholarly publications and open-source datasets from Statista. Using this literature review, six variables were identified as having the highest potential to impact the development and application of quantum sensing systems. These variables are technical innovation, sensor application, national development, resource availability, human capital, and capital investment. This framework allows for the assessment of various categories of quantum sensors, such as atomic clocks, quantum electromagnetic sensors, quantum gravimeters, and quantum inertial sensors, in terms of their potential impact on national security.
This research aims to describe the potential impact of quantum sensors on the Department of Defense and the Intelligence Community using a conceptual framework derived from an extensive literature review. The goal is to provide senior science and technology professionals and advisors with an architecture to discern the tangible impacts of quantum sensing systems on national security. The review consists of open-source scholarly publications and open-source datasets from Statista. Using this literature review, six variables were identified as having the highest potential to impact the development and application of quantum sensing systems. These variables are technical innovation, sensor application, national development, resource availability, human capital, and capital investment. This framework allows for the assessment of various categories of quantum sensors, such as atomic clocks, quantum electromagnetic sensors, quantum gravimeters, and quantum inertial sensors, in terms of their potential impact on national security.
A new paradigm in computing called quantum computing has the potential to change many industries, including the military and government. The purpose of this study is to examine the applications, opportunities, difficulties, and prospects of quantum computing in these fields. The paper provides a comprehensive introduction to quantum computing, highlighting its distinctions from conventional computing, and discussing a range of quantum computing technologies. It examines the present and foreseeable uses of quantum computing in government and defense, including high-performance computing, cybersecurity and encryption, intelligence and surveillance, and logistics. Additionally, it looks at how quantum computing might advance national security, facilitate better decision-making, and speed up research and development. Also, it discusses issues with quantum computing, such as its exorbitant cost, security issues as well as a trained personnel shortage. The paper concludes by examining the potential applications of quantum computing in these fields, including their integration with conventional computing systems, the research and development of quantum technologies, public-private sector partnerships, and their potential to spur innovation and alter military and governmental operations. The report comes to the conclusion that, despite the difficulties, quantum computing holds great promise for transforming the public and defense sectors. More research and development are essential to accomplish this promise.
The Space Science and Technology Partnership Forum (S&T Forum), comprised of an interagency team from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Reconnaissance Office, and the United States Space Force, presents findings and recommendations from a study on the state of quantum sensors for space applications, enabling component technologies, facilities, and developers across government, industry, and academia. The following five areas of quantum sensing technology (listed in alphabetical order) were identified as being of near-term interest to all three S&T Forum agencies: atomic clocks, atom interferometers, quantum magnetometers, Rydberg sensors, and single photon detectors. This paper focuses on two recommendations: 1) increased collaboration between the S&T Forum, industry, and academia on the development of enabling components for the five quantum sensing technology areas, and 2) challenges and future opportunities to take quantum sensors from the laboratory to space. Through this study, the S&T Forum found a diverse and broad community of quantum sensing developers in the United States that are leading efforts in research, testing, manufacturing, and qualification of quantum sensors and their enabling component technologies. There are common needs across quantum sensing technology areas. To address the common needs, the S&T Forum agencies are encouraged to utilize existing models and mechanisms to enable co-development of enabling component technologies and to explore new avenues for engagement with the quantum sensing community.
This review explores a very relevant and actual subject: the strategic role of quantum sensors in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Defense, emphasizing their potential to transform military capabilities and strengthen national security. Based on the principles of the Second Quantum Revolution such as superposition, entanglement, and coherence the study examines technologies for developing highly sensitive sensors. It differentiates sensors and detectors and details chemical, biological, and nuclear detection systems. Topics include electrochemical, optical, gas, and biosensors, as well as quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, and surface plasmon resonance. Military applications of quantum interferometers, gravimeters, and magnetometers are discussed, particularly in GPS-denied or underground environments. Despite their disruptive potential, challenges such as miniaturization, integration, and cost still limit operational deployment. The study concludes that quantum sensors are a disruptive and promising tool for real-time CBRN threat monitoring and response, requiring continued global research and investment.
Quantum technology is an emerging and possibly revolutionary field, capable of impacting several human efforts. Quantum technologies are dual-use, attracting interest from the defense, security, military, and governmental sectors. Previous research has highlighted the substantial benefits of using quantum computing systems across several domains. These systems have previously exhibited the capability to accelerate processing in critical domains, such as big integer factorization, relative to their traditional equivalents. The fundamental significance of quantum factoring has been proven for cryptography. This will render RSA encryption, a widely used encryption method based on the inability of computer systems to factor huge integers, effectively useless. Nonetheless, overcoming encryption is not the only potential use or benefit of quantum computing for national defense and security-related objectives. This review paper explores the emerging role of quantum computing in the military and defense sectors. It highlights the significance of recent advancements in quantum technologies for defense applications and provides an overview of defense-focused quantum research. A comprehensive literature survey examined various existing quantum computing techniques relevant to military use. The paper also presents a comparative analysis of these approaches, discusses key challenges, and outlines potential future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
Quantum technology is one of the new and advanced technologies to support national defense. Therefore, we ask a research question: what are the forms of applying quantum technology to help national defense and security in the future? For this reason, we use a literature study to answer this research question so that the desired results are obtained. From the research conducted, there are various benefits derived from applying quantum technology to support national defense and security. Including detecting hidden enemy forces, supporting operations in an environment with decreased GPS, protecting highly classified data from enemy attacks, and various other benefits that did not obtain from previous technologies. Thus, a country needs to study and develop quantum technology to support national defense and security in the future. Given the growing development of technology, the threats posed are increasingly varied.
Quantum technologies have emerged as critical enablers of next-generation communication, computation, and sensing systems. This review aims to assess the current state of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and related quantum technologies by examining recent empirical findings, methodological innovations, and systemic challenges. A structured literature search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar using Boolean keyword combinations targeting QKD, quantum sensing, and communication applications. The review focused on peer-reviewed articles from the last five years and included experimental studies, simulations, and applied case analyses. Findings show that QKD has demonstrated remarkable reliability in both controlled laboratory and real-world settings. Studies on multicore fiber networks highlight the potential for high-dimensional communication security, while comparative analyses reveal disparities between implementation strategies across different regions. However, systemic challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, inconsistent regulation, and insufficient public understanding hinder wide-scale adoption. The discussion identifies critical factors contributing to these challenges and proposes actionable policy recommendations, including increased investment in infrastructure, standardized regulations, and targeted education programs. This review concludes that achieving the full potential of quantum technologies will require integrative strategies addressing technical, institutional, and social dimensions. Future research should emphasize longitudinal evaluation and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance scalability and impact. The insights offered here provide a foundational framework for policymakers, researchers, and industry leaders to advance the adoption of secure, scalable quantum systems.