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Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology II

Image resolution limit optimization for quantum imaging with undetected light

Marta Gilaberte Basset, Valerio Flavio Gili, René Sondenheimer

Published Mar 19, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum imaging with undetected light (QIUL) is a technique with great potential for imaging applications where extreme wavelengths are required to illuminate the object and, in particular, when low light intensities are crucial to not damage or modify the sample under study. This technique is based on the concept of induced coherence and makes use of spatial correlations. Therefore, either momentum or position correlations can be exploited by constructing a suitable system to access them. Depending on the selected configuration, image resolution is differently governed by the parameters of the quantum imaging source, e.g. crystal length, pump waist, and the down-converted wavelengths. Here, we present a tool to optimize the resolution limit of the imaging system given a specific application.

DOI
10.1117/12.3037258

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Quantum imaging with undetected light (QIUL) is a technique with great potential for imaging applications where extreme wavelengths are required to illuminate the object and, in particular, when low light intensities are crucial to not damage or modify the sample under study. This technique is based on the concept of induced coherence and makes use of spatial correlations. Therefore, either momentum or position correlations can be exploited by constructing a suitable system to access them. Depending on the selected configuration, image resolution is differently governed by the parameters of the quantum imaging source, e.g. crystal length, pump waist, and the down-converted wavelengths. Here, we present a tool to optimize the resolution limit of the imaging system given a specific application.
Image resolution of quantum imaging with undetected photons is governed by the spatial correlations existing between the photons of a photon pair that has been generated in a nonlinear process. These correlations allow for obtaining an image of an object with light that never interacted with that object. Depending on the imaging configuration, either position or momentum correlations are exploited. We hereby experimentally analyse how the crystal length and pump waist affect the image resolution when using position correlations of photons that have been generated via spontaneous parametric down conversion in a nonlinear interferometer. Our results support existing theoretical models for the dependency of the resolution on the crystal length. In addition, we probe the resolution of our quantum imaging scheme for varying pump waists over one order of magnitude. This analysis reveals the intricate dependency of the resolution on the strength of the correlations within the biphoton states for parameter combinations in which the crystal lengths are much larger than the involved photon wavelengths. We extend the existing models in this parameter regime to properly take nontrivial effects of finite pump waists into account and demonstrate that they match the experimental results.
Quantum imaging with undetected photons is a recently introduced technique that goes significantly beyond what was previously possible.In this technique, images are formed without detecting the light that interacted with the object that is imaged.Given this unique advantage over the existing imaging schemes, it is now of utmost importance to understand its resolution limits, in particular what governs the maximal achievable spatial resolution.We show both theoretically and experimentally that the momentum correlation between the detected and undetected photons governs the spatial resolution -a stronger correlation results in a higher resolution.In our experiment, the momentum correlation plays the dominating role in determining the resolution compared to the effect of diffraction.We find that the resolution is determined by the wavelength of the undetected light rather than the wavelength of the detected light.Our results thus show that it is in principle possible to obtain resolution characterized by a wavelength much shorter than the detected wavelength.
Quantum imaging with undetected photons is a recently introduced technique that goes significantly beyond what was previously possible. In this technique, images are formed without detecting the light that interacted with the object that is imaged. Given this unique advantage over the existing imaging schemes, it is now of utmost importance to understand its resolution limits, in particular what governs the maximal achievable spatial resolution. We show both theoretically and experimentally that the momentum correlation between the detected and undetected photons governs the spatial resolution — a stronger correlation results in a higher resolution. In our experiment, the momentum correlation plays the dominating role in determining the resolution compared to the effect of diffraction. We find that the resolution is determined by the wavelength of the undetected light rather than the wavelength of the detected light. Our results thus show that it is in principle possible to obtain resolution characterized by a wavelength much shorter than the detected wavelength.
Quantum imaging with undetected photons (QIUP) is a unique method of image acquisition where the photons illuminating the object are not detected. This method relies on quantum interference and spatial correlations between the twin photons to form an image. Here we present a detailed study of the resolution limits of position correlation enabled QIUP. We establish a quantitative relation between the spatial resolution and the twin-photon position correlation. Furthermore, we also quantitatively establish the roles that the wavelength of the undetected illumination field and the wavelength of the detected field play in the resolution. Like ghost imaging and unlike conventional imaging, the resolution limit imposed by the spatial correlation between the twin photons in QIUP cannot be further improved by conventional optical techniques.
Quantum imaging with undetected light (QIUL) can retrieve amplitude and phase information of an object by exploiting the quantum correlations of photon-pairs generated through spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC), where the illumination and detection can be carried at very distinct wavelength ranges. This fact allows to benefit from a mature detection technology in the visible spectral range, while probing the object at a more exotic wavelength. Here we experimentally implement a QIUL approach with Fourier off-axis holography in a hybrid-type induced-coherence non-linear interferometer. Our approach reconstructs the amplitude and phase information of an object with a single shot in a wide-field configuration, being an alternative in front of techniques that require multiple acquisition frames, such as phase-shifting holography.
The mid-infrared (MIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum spans from 2- to 25-μmμ\mathrm{m}μm, serving as a valuable tool for accessing rich chemical information. Functional groups, lipids, and other complex molecules can be analyzed by optical absorption measurements due to their vibrational modes in the MIR spectral region. Over the past few decades, this field has faced challenges due to difficulties in generating MIR light and the limited maturity of detection systems in this spectral range. Quantum imaging with undetected light (QIUL) provides a spectrally tuneable photon-pair source, in which the sample can be illuminated with MIR light while visible (VIS) light is employed for detection and image reconstruction, overcoming the detection limitations and benefiting from the rich chemical information of the MIR spectral region. All previous QIUL implementations are based on spatial correlations, which are never perfect and thus hindered the imaging performance. In this work, we implement a raster-scanning QIUL method that is independent of the strength of the spatial correlations and achieves a spatial resolution beyond the limitations of these correlations.