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Auerbach Publications eBooks

Software Considerations

Daniel Minoli, Benedict Occhiogrosso

Published Mar 18, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A network is built to service—to connect—end nodes. In particular, it is built and deployed to connect servers and to provide access to users seeking to obtain some service on the end nodes, including applications processing and retrieval of useful information. Quantum Networks (Quanets) serve the same purpose. However, the nodes, the Quantum Computers (QCs), have to evolve first, and then the connectivity, as was the historical evolution with the (early, pre-) Internet. Eventually, direct access will be achievable over an institutional network, a multi- institution network, a Quantum Internet (Quaint), and/or a cloud platform.

DOI
10.1201/9781003485612-8

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Problem statement: Traditional user authentication system uses passwords for their secured accessibility in a central server, which is prone to attack by adversaries.The adversaries gain access to the contents of the user in attack prone servers.To overcome this problem, the multi-server systems were being proposed in which the user communicate in parallel with several or all of the servers for the purpose of authentication.Such system requires a large communication bandwidth and needs for synchronization at the user.Approach: Present an efficient two server user password authentication and reduce the usage of communication traffic and bandwidth consumption between the servers.Integration of quantum and classical key exchange model is deployed to safeguard user access security in large networks.The proposed work presented, a two server system, front end service server interacts directly to the user and the back end control server visible to the service server.The performance measure of the user password made for the transformed two long secrets held by both service and control server.Further the proposal applied quantum key distribution model along with classical key exchange in the two server authentication.Three-party Quantum key distribution used in this model, one with implicit user authentication and other with explicit mutual authentication, deployed for ecommerce buyer authentication in internet peer servers.Results: Effect of online and offline dictionary attacks prevailing in the single and multi-server systems are analyzed.The performance efficiency test carried out in terms success rate of authenticity for two server shows 35% better than single server.The performance of integrated Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems and classical public key model have shown experimentally better performance in terms of computational efficiency and security rounds (11% improvement) than traditional cryptic security model.Conclusion: With the results obtained it is concluded that intricate security principle of quantum theory and traditional public key model integration provides an improved security model for password authentication between the password exchanges of two servers.

Journal of Computer Science•Nov 5, 2010•3 citations
A network is built to service—to connect—end nodes. In particular, it is built and deployed to connect servers and to provide access to users seeking to obtain some service on the end nodes, including applications processing and retrieval of useful information. Quantum Networks (Quanets) serve the same purpose. However, the nodes, the Quantum Computers (QCs), have to evolve first, and then the connectivity, as was the historical evolution with the (early, pre-) Internet. Eventually, direct access will be achievable over an institutional network, a multi- institution network, a Quantum Internet (Quaint), and/or a cloud platform.
There is an expectation that quantum-based networks/networking (Quanets) will become a reality in the near future. Just as the classical Internet fostered a high-speed hyperconnected ecosystem that enhanced innumerable aspects of human life and global scientific research, a quantum-based ecosystem will greatly enhance the capabilities to address and solve complex problems of all types and will provide an enhanced panoply of tools for researchers in practically every scientific field. Network connectivity refers to the ability to go beyond point-to-point communication and support exchange data among multiple end nodes. Thus, basic desiderata for Quanets entail the support of adequate functionality, multi-endpoint connectivity, and the ability of bridging meaningful geographic distances. Quanets are seen as a disruptive technology, although this technology is still in its infancy. Currently Quanets are perceived as being complementary to classical networks and are not intended to replace them.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technologies are rapidly evolving from a set of isolated mono vendor links, towards real networks with relay schemes able to flexibly interconnect applications accessing their key serving nodes. To that end, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technologies are being proposed as the paradigm to provide SD-QKD nodes with the necessary network topology information to establish QKD services based on Service-Level Agreements (SLAs) and will be essential in many of the national EuroQCI deployments. However, existing SDN solutions in multi-domain scenarios with little information of other domains, such as the ones foreseen in the future multi-national Euro-QCI. This paper proposes leveraging the Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) protocol to enhance network visibility and streamline interconnection procedures, the main goal is to do a theoretical approach to the solution, defining how the implementation of the solution should be if we follow the current standardization of used technologies. ALTO facilitates identifying optimal QKD paths and adhering to service agreements across diverse domains, offering a novel solution to SDN deployment challenges. Its integration promises improved network management and unprecedented interoperability in QKD networks, advancing SDN and multi-layer networking.
The use of quantum satellites can be significant paving the way for novel telecommunications network paradigms, making it possible to connect remote regions. Given the rapid development of quantum communication technologies, many studies are focusing on quantum satellites interconnections via Free Space Optic (FSO), especially considering that the adoption of wired alternatives did not achieve significant results, mainly in terms of covering long distances. In this context, the global interconnection of Quantum Computers (QCs) through the so-called Quantum Internet (QI) compels for new communications and computing architectures such as Quantum Cloud (QCloud). To this purpose, the deployment of Satellite Quantum Networks (SQNs) could make easily available innovative services spanning from security to advanced computing, especially by using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technology, which is considered a significant enabler for the management of SQNs. Moreover, considering the rapid variability of the topology in terms of nodes and links features, the paper proposes a specific Temporal Networks (TNs) optimization strategy embedded in an SDN Controller ecosystem, dynamically optimizing the path durations to achieve the highest entanglement rate, while limiting the disconnections. Performance evaluation in a worst case scenario shows that the proposed framework is able to support distributed applications by exploiting all the connection opportunities.
Problem statement: Traditional user authentication system uses passwords for their secured accessibility in a central server, which is prone to attack by adversaries.The adversaries gain access to the contents of the user in attack prone servers.To overcome this problem, the multi-server systems were being proposed in which the user communicate in parallel with several or all of the servers for the purpose of authentication.Such system requires a large communication bandwidth and needs for synchronization at the user.Approach: Present an efficient two server user password authentication and reduce the usage of communication traffic and bandwidth consumption between the servers.Integration of quantum and classical key exchange model is deployed to safeguard user access security in large networks.The proposed work presented, a two server system, front end service server interacts directly to the user and the back end control server visible to the service server.The performance measure of the user password made for the transformed two long secrets held by both service and control server.Further the proposal applied quantum key distribution model along with classical key exchange in the two server authentication.Three-party Quantum key distribution used in this model, one with implicit user authentication and other with explicit mutual authentication, deployed for ecommerce buyer authentication in internet peer servers.Results: Effect of online and offline dictionary attacks prevailing in the single and multi-server systems are analyzed.The performance efficiency test carried out in terms success rate of authenticity for two server shows 35% better than single server.The performance of integrated Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems and classical public key model have shown experimentally better performance in terms of computational efficiency and security rounds (11% improvement) than traditional cryptic security model.Conclusion: With the results obtained it is concluded that intricate security principle of quantum theory and traditional public key model integration provides an improved security model for password authentication between the password exchanges of two servers.