Challenges and Issues for Integration and Implementation of Quantum Computing with Classical Computing

M. Arvindhan

Fang Zhang, Xing Zhu, Rui Chao +15 more

Scaling bottlenecks the making of digital quantum computers, posing challenges from both the quantum and the classical components. We present a classical architecture to cope with a comprehensive list of the latter challenges all at once , and implement it fully in an end-to-end system by integrating a multi-core RISC-V CPU with our in-house control electronics. Our architecture enables scalable, high-precision control of large quantum processors and accommodates evolving requirements of quantum hardware. A central feature is a microarchitecture executing quantum operations in parallel on arbitrary predefined qubit groups. Another key feature is a reconfigurable quantum instruction set that supports easy qubit re-grouping and instructions extensions. As a demonstration, we implement the widely-studied surface code quantum computing workflow, which is instructive for being demanding on both the controllers and the integrated classical computation. Our design, for the first time, reduces instruction issuing and transmission costs to constants, which do not scale with the number of qubits, without adding any overheads in decoding or dispatching. Our system uses a dedicated general-purpose CPU for both qubit control and classical computation, including syndrome decoding. Implementing recent theoretical proposals as decoding firmware that parallelizes general inner decoders, we can achieve unprecedented decoding capabilities of up to distances 47 and 67 with the currently available systems-on-chips for physical error rate p = 0.001 and p = 0.0001, respectively, all in just 1 μs.

Phuc V. Trinh, Shinya Sugiura, Carlo Ottaviani +2 more

A critical aspect of next-generation wireless networks is the integration of quantum communications to guard against quantum computing threats to classical networks. Despite successful experimental demonstrations, integrating quantum communications into the classical infrastructure faces substantial challenges, including high costs, compatibility issues, and extra hardware deployment to accommodate both classical and quantum communication equipment. To mitigate these challenges, we explore novel protocols that enable simultaneous classical and quantum communications, relying on a single set of transceivers to jointly modulate and decode classical and quantum information onto the same signal. Additionally, we emphasize extending quantum communication capabilities beyond traditional optical bands into the terahertz, even possibly to millimeter-wave and microwave frequencies, thereby broadening the potential horizon of quantum-secure applications. Finally, we identify open problems that must be addressed to facilitate practical implementation.

S. Rakesh Kumar, N. Deepa, N. Gayathri +1 more

Abhinav Tripathi, G. R. Mishra, Geetika Srivastava +2 more

Amr Elsharkawy, Xiao-Ting Michelle To, Philipp Seitz +12 more

Quantum computing's potential as an adjunct to high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructure is clear, but the integration of the two (HPCQC) faces numerous challenges. These issues primarily lie in the complex infrastructure needed for integration. Key to the HPCQC integration is the creation of a unified hybrid quantum-classical toolchain that reduces latency and supports various quantum technologies. Other obstacles include hardware-related requirements like maintaining uptime and networking. This poster focuses on the challenges.