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Entropy

Controlled Double-Direction Cyclic Quantum Communication of Arbitrary Two-Particle States

Nueraminaimu Maihemuti, Zhan‐Heng Chen, Peng Jia-yin, Yimamujiang Aisan, Jiangang Tang

Published Mar 11, 2025• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

With the rapid development of quantum communication technologies, controlled double-direction cyclic (CDDC) quantum communication has become an important research direction. However, how to choose an appropriate quantum state as a channel to achieve double-direction cyclic (DDC) quantum communication for multi-particle entangled states remains an unresolved challenge. This study aims to address this issue by constructing a suitable quantum channel and investigating the DDC quantum communication of two-particle states. Initially, we create a 25-particle entangled state using Hadamard and controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates, and provide its corresponding quantum circuit implementation. Based on this entangled state as a quantum channel, we propose two new four-party CDDC schemes, applied to quantum teleportation (QT) and remote state preparation (RSP), respectively. In both schemes, each communicating party can synchronously transmit two different arbitrary two-particle states to the other parties under supervisory control, achieving controlled quantum cyclic communication in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Additionally, the presented two schemes of four-party CDDC quantum communication are extended to situations where n>3 communicating parties. In each proposed scheme, we provide universal analytical formulas for the local operations of the sender, supervisor, and receiver, demonstrating that the success probability of each scheme can reach 100%. These schemes only require specific two-particle projective measurements, single-particle von Neumann measurements, and Pauli gate operations, all of which can be implemented with current technologies. We have also evaluated the inherent efficiency, security, and control capabilities of the proposed schemes. In comparison to earlier methods, the results demonstrate that our schemes perform exceptionally well. This study provides a theoretical foundation for bidirectional controlled quantum communication of multi-particle states, aiming to enhance security and capacity while meeting the diverse needs of future network scenarios.

DOI
10.3390/e27030292

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To explore the multi-directional quantum communication in a three-dimensional (3D) system, 13- and [Formula: see text]-qutrit entangled states are constructed by 3D Hadamard gates and 3D controlled NOT gates in this paper. Then we propose a novel theoretical scheme to fulfill four-party double-direction cyclic controlled quantum teleportation (QT) by using a 13-qutrit entangled state as the quantum channel. In this scheme, each observer can teleport two different arbitrary unknown single-qutrit states to the other two observers under the control of the supervisor, respectively and synchronously, which realizes cyclic controlled QT in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions simultaneously. Each observer performs two 3D Bell basis measurements and the supervisor carries out a single-qutrit measurement in the 3D [Formula: see text]-basis. After hearing the measurement results from the other two observers and the supervisor, each observer can restore the target states by utilizing suitable 3D Weyl operators. Based on the [Formula: see text]-qutrit entangled channel that we construct, we exhibit in detail how to extend the presented four-party double-direction cyclic controlled QT scheme to the situation with [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) observers. Analysis shows that the success probability of both the proposed four-party and [Formula: see text]-party schemes can reach 1, and these two schemes are expected to be realized experimentally in the near future. Through detailed discussion, we find that the security of our schemes and the control power of the supervisor can be guaranteed, and the intrinsic efficiency of the proposed schemes is relatively high.
Abstract The purpose of this article is to explore a scheme for controlled double-direction cyclic (DDC) assisted cloning of arbitrary unknown single-qubit states. We first present a construction method for a 13-qubit entangled quantum state using Hadamard gates and controlled-NOT gates, and subsequently generalize it to a ( 4 n + 1 ) -qubit entangled quantum state. Using the 13-qubit entangled state we constructed as a quantum channel, we propose a novel theoretical scheme for achieving five-party controlled DDC-assisted cloning. The first stage of the scheme involves a controlled DDC quantum teleportation, where each of the three communicators can simultaneously teleport two distinct unknown single-qubit states to the other two, under the supervisor’s control. This process ensures that controlled cyclic quantum communication occurs synchronously in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions. In the second stage of the scheme, with the help of special multi-qubit projective measurements from the state preparer, perfect copies or orthogonal complement copies of the two original unknown single-qubit states can be simultaneously created at each sender’s location. Furthermore, the above presented five-party scheme for controlled DDC-assisted cloning can be extended to scenarios with ( n + 1 ) (n > 3) parties by using the ( 4 n + 1 ) -qubit maximally entangled state as the quantum channel. Moreover, we have provided the mathematical expressions for the general analysis of both the sender’s operations and the receiver’s transformations in each scheme. The study shows that the intrinsic efficiency, security, feasibility, and control power of our scheme are good.
In order to explore multi-directional quantum communication in a three-dimensional (3D) system, five-, seven- and [Formula: see text]-qutrit entangled states are constructed by 3D-Hadamard gates and 3D-controlled-NOT gates in this paper. Then a new scheme of controlled bidirectional quantum teleportation (QT) via five-qutrit entangled channel is proposed, where two observers can exchange their unknown single-qutrit states at the same time under the control of the supervisor. Along this mental, we propose a novel theoretical scheme to fulfil four-party controlled cyclic QT by using a seven-qutrit entangled state as the quantum channel, in which Alice can teleport an arbitrary unknown single-qutrit state to Bob, Bob can transmit an arbitrary single-qutrit state to Charlie, at the same time, Charlie can also teleport an arbitrary unknown single-qutrit state to Alice with the permission of the supervisor. In these schemes, only specific two-qutrit 3D-Bell state measurements, single-qutrit 3D-Z-basis measurements and suitable 3D-Weyl operators are needed, which can be implemented in physics easily. Moreover, the proposed four-party controlled cyclic scheme can be generalized into the case containing [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) observers by using a [Formula: see text]-qutrit entangled channel. Analysis shows that the success probability of our schemes can reach 1. Through detailed discussion, we find that the security of our schemes and the control power of the supervisors can be guaranteed, and the intrinsic efficiency of the proposed schemes is relatively high.
In this paper, we present a deterministic four-party quantum cyclic controlled teleportation (QCYCT) scheme, by using a multi-qubit partially entangled state as the quantum channel. In this scheme, Alice can teleport an arbitrary [Formula: see text]-qubit state to Bob, Bob can teleport an arbitrary [Formula: see text]-qubit state to Charlie and Charlie can teleport an arbitrary [Formula: see text]-qubit state to Alice under the control of the supervisor David. We utilize rotation gate, Hadamard gates and controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates to construct the multi-qubit partially entangled channel. Only Bell-state measurements, single-qubit von-Neumann measurement and proper unitary operations are required in this scheme, which can be realized in practice easily based on the present quantum experiment technologies. The direction of cyclic controlled teleportation of arbitrary multi-qubit states can also be changed by altering the quantum channel. Analysis demonstrates that the success probability of the proposed scheme can still reach 100% although the quantum channel is non-maximally entangled. Furthermore, the proposed four-party scheme can be generalized into the case involving [Formula: see text] correspondents, which is more suitable for quantum communication networks. We also calculate the intrinsic efficiency and discuss the security of the proposed scheme. Compared with the existing QCYCT schemes which realized cyclic controlled teleportation of arbitrary single-qubit states, specific two-qubit and three-qubit states, the proposed scheme is of general significance.
Abstract Hybrid quantum communication with the combination of quantum teleportation and remote preparation is hopeful for promoting the development of quantum networks and enriching the diversity of quantum network communication. To improve the communication efficiency and enhance the scalability of the quantum networks, a meaningful protocol for controlled cyclic and bidirectional hybrid quantum communication of arbitrary two‐qubit states is proposed, which allows quantum information to be transmitted simultaneously in both directions among multiple participants. With the permission of one controller, each observer can simultaneously transmit arbitrary known two‐qubit states and unknown ones to their adjacent observers, by implementing remote preparation and quantum teleportation in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Furthermore, the participants just carry out some quantum measurements and recovery operations to achieve the communication target, and the desired states can be attained with a unit success probability, thus the protocol is deterministic. Finally, some comparisons are also made with other similar protocols, which shows that the protocol is better in qubit efficiency and communication capacity.
In this paper, two three-party cyclic teleportation schemes for real arbitrary quantum states of a single particle and two particles are proposed for the first time. In the first ([Formula: see text]) scheme, Alice sends any single particle state to Bob, Bob sends any two-particle states to Charlie, and meanwhile Charlie sends any single particle state to Alice. In the second ([Formula: see text]) scheme, with the help of the controller David, Alice sends any two-particle states to Bob, Bob sends any two-particle states to Charlie, and Charlie sends any single particle state to Alice simultaneously. Based on the maximum entangled quantum channel shared in advance, the communication participants carry out some Bell state measurement (BSM) measurements and carry out corresponding unitary transformation according to the results published by each other. After that, the cyclic teleportation of predetermined quantum information can be successfully realized. The success probability of teleportation of both schemes can reach 100%. Finally, this paper briefly analyzes the security of the two schemes and compares them with some previously published schemes from the perspective of inherent efficiency. The results show that the two schemes proposed in this paper are safe and have high inherent efficiency. Different from the previous symmetric cyclic quantum teleportation methods, the asymmetric cyclic quantum teleportation schemes proposed in this paper are more universal.