In the framework of relational information, we explore analogs of physical theories and their properties. Specifically, we investigate the causal characteristics of relational information, examining how initial knowledge impacts future relational understanding of the universe/system. To achieve this, we establish a parameter space defining relational structures called dendrograms, exhibiting causal properties akin to those of Minkowski metric. Subsequently, we propose a statistical-dynamical model on this Minkowski-like parameter space, unifying Bohmian and Many Worlds interpretations of quantum theory in the framework of relational information. Additionally, we provide an analytical proof of the non-ergodicity of the relational information framework, revealing CHSH inequality violations as an emergent phenomenon. Our focus on relational information underscores its significance across scientific disciplines, where a single measurement or observation lacks meaning without context.
In the framework of relational information, we explore analogs of physical theories and their properties. Specifically, we investigate the causal characteristics of relational information, examining how initial knowledge impacts future relational understanding of the universe/system. To achieve this, we establish a parameter space defining relational structures called dendrograms, exhibiting causal properties akin to those of Minkowski metric. Subsequently, we propose a statistical-dynamical model on this Minkowski-like parameter space, unifying Bohmian and Many Worlds interpretations of quantum theory in the framework of relational information. Additionally, we provide an analytical proof of the non-ergodicity of the relational information framework, revealing CHSH inequality violations as an emergent phenomenon. Our focus on relational information underscores its significance across scientific disciplines, where a single measurement or observation lacks meaning without context.
Quantum mechanics has transformed our understanding of reality, yet deep philosophical puzzles remain unresolved. Is there a consistent way to describe quantum measurement, the emergence of space and time, and the role of observers within one coherent ontology? This paper introduces Relational Quantum Dynamics (RQD), an interpretation that places relationships and information—not isolated objects—at the foundation of physics. Unlike traditional views, such as the Copenhagen interpretation, Everett’s many-worlds theory, or hidden-variable approaches, RQD denies a single observer-independent reality, instead proposing that facts only become definite within specific observational contexts. It explicitly addresses foundational no-go results, including Bell’s theorem, the Kochen–Specker theorem, and the Frauchiger–Renner paradox, by replacing absolute facts with relational, context-dependent truths. RQD rests on five interlocking principles: (1) quantum states are contextual and observer-relative, (2) time emerges from quantum interactions rather than existing as an external parameter, (3) space is constructed from patterns of quantum entanglement, (4) observers emerge as systems with highly integrated information, and (5) classical reality appears through quantum decoherence without special wavefunction collapse. Philosophically, RQD aligns with ontic structural realism, proposing that the fundamental ontology of the universe consists entirely of informational relations. It avoids collapsing into relativism or solipsism by ensuring intersubjective agreement through physical interactions. Ultimately, RQD may offer a unified picture in which quantum mechanics, spacetime, and observers are no longer separate domains but aspects of one interconnected informational web.
Quantum mechanics has transformed our understanding of reality, yet deep philosophical puzzles remain unresolved. Is there a consistent way to describe quantum measurement, the emergence of space and time, and the role of observers within one coherent ontology? This paper introduces Relational Quantum Dynamics (RQD), an interpretation that places relationships and information, not isolated objects, at the foundation of physics. Unlike traditional views, such as the Copenhagen interpretation, Everett's many-worlds theory, or hidden-variable approaches, RQD denies a single observer-independent reality, instead proposing that facts only become definite within specific observational contexts. It explicitly addresses foundational no-go results, including Bell's theorem, the Kochen-Specker theorem, and the Frauchiger-Renner paradox, by replacing absolute facts with relational, context-dependent truths. RQD rests on five interlocking principles: (1) quantum states are contextual and observer-relative, (2) time emerges from quantum interactions rather than existing as an external parameter, (3) space is constructed from patterns of quantum entanglement, (4) observers emerge as systems with highly integrated information, and (5) classical reality appears through quantum decoherence without special wavefunction collapse. Philosophically, RQD aligns with ontic structural realism, proposing that the fundamental ontology of the universe consists entirely of informational relations. It avoids collapsing into relativism or solipsism by ensuring intersubjective agreement through physical interactions. Ultimately, RQD may offer a unified picture in which quantum mechanics, spacetime, and observers are no longer separate domains but aspects of one interconnected informational web.
proposal for a fundamental theory is described in which classical and quantum physics as a representation of the universe as a gigantic dendrogram are unified. The latter is the explicate order structure corresponding to the purely number-theoretical implicate order structure given by p-adic numbers. This number field was zero-dimensional, totally disconnected, and disordered. Physical systems (such as electrons, photons) are sub-dendrograms of the universal dendrogram. Measurement process is described as interactions among dendrograms; in particular, quantum measurement problems can be resolved using this process. The theory is realistic, but realism is expressed via the the Leibnitz principle of the Identity of Indiscernible. The classical-quantum interplay is based on the degree of indistinguishability between dendrograms (in which the ergodicity assumption is removed). Depending on this degree, some physical quantities behave more or less in a quantum manner (versus classic manner). Ideologically, our theory is very close to Smolin’s dynamics of difference and Rovelli’s relational quantum mechanics. The presence of classical behavior in nature implies a finiteness of the Universe-dendrogram. (Infinite Universe is considered to be purely quantum.) Reconstruction of events in a four-dimensional space type is based on the holographic principle. Our model reproduces Bell-type correlations in the dendrogramic framework. By adjusting dendrogram complexity, violation of the Bell inequality can be made larger or smaller.
This paper is devoted to event-observational modelling in physics and more generally natural science. The basic entities of such modelling are events and where space-time is the secondary structure for the representation of events. The novelty of our approach is in using a new mathematical picture of events universe. The events observed by an observer are described by a dendrogram, a finite tree. The event dynamics are realized in the dendrogramic configuration space. In a dendrogram, all events are intercoupled via the hierarchic relational structure of the tree. This approach is called Dendrogramic Holographic Theory (DHT). We introduce the causal structure on the dendrogramic space, like the causal structure on the Minkowski space-time. In contrast to the latter, DHT-emergent causality is of a statistical nature. Each dendrogram represents an ensemble of observers with the same relational tree representation of the events they measured/collected. Technically the essence of causal modelling is in encoding dendrograms by real parameters and in this way transitioning to the real space-time. Then we proceed in the framework of information geometry corresponding to Hellinger distance and introduce a kind of light cone in the space of dendrograms. This is a step towards the development of DHT-analog special relativity.
A proposal for a fundamental theory is described in which classical and quantum physics as a representation of the universe as a gigantic dendrogram are unified. The latter is the explicate order structure corresponding to the purely number-theoretical implicate order structure given by p-adic numbers. This number field was zero-dimensional, totally disconnected, and disordered. Physical systems (such as electrons, photons) are sub-dendrograms of the universal dendrogram. Measurement process is described as interactions among dendrograms; in particular, quantum measurement problems can be resolved using this process. The theory is realistic, but realism is expressed via the the Leibniz principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles. The classical-quantum interplay is based on the degree of indistinguishability between dendrograms (in which the ergodicity assumption is removed). Depending on this degree, some physical quantities behave more or less in a quantum manner (versus classic manner). Conceptually, our theory is very close to Smolin’s dynamics of difference and Rovelli’s relational quantum mechanics. The presence of classical behavior in nature implies a finiteness of the Universe-dendrogram. (Infinite Universe is considered to be purely quantum.) Reconstruction of events in a four-dimensional space type is based on the holographic principle. Our model reproduces Bell-type correlations in the dendrogramic framework. By adjusting dendrogram complexity, violation of the Bell inequality can be made larger or smaller.
Dendrogramic Holographic Theory (DHT) is a purely relational theory of information in which the primitive elements are events, and physical description is defined by an observer’s dendrogram: a hierarchical tree of binary questions that distinguishes events only through operationally accessible relations. The core postulate is an epistemic form of Leibniz’s Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles: if two states of affairs cannot be distinguished by any admissible measurement for a given observer, they are identified for that observer. From each dendrogram we construct a ``views distribution'' ρ over relational distances and define a one-particle wavefunction by ∣ψ∣2=ρ; many distinct relational configurations can therefore map to the same distribution and the same ψ, so a ``particle'' is naturally an equivalence class of dendrograms sharing the same wavefunction. We then study two-particle sectors by embedding a pair of finite dendrograms (TA,TB) into a host context consisting of one or two larger dendrograms (HC,HD), allowing both equal-host and distinct-host comparisons and accommodating a range of size relations. When neither host can be embedded into the other, the host pair is space-like separated in a Minkowski-like parameter space, so exchange signatures arise purely from the relative organization of the embedded structures rather than from causal nesting. Our simulations show that bosonic versus fermionic exchange behaviour is not an intrinsic label of TA or TB, but an emergent invariant of the composite relational wiring diagram linking two (often non-relationally closed) information sets through cross-host correlations, reproducing exclusion-like and pile-up behaviour without postulating the Pauli principle. In this sense, DHT offers a unifying perspective on bosonic and fermionic fields: both arise from the same underlying relational degrees of freedom, and ``boson--fermion conversion'' corresponds to operations that break or restore relational closure (by changing host choice and embedding pattern) while leaving the one-particle state ψ fixed---an analogue of supersymmetric unification that does not require a new particle spectrum. This suggests a unification of ``matter'' and ``forces'' at the level of relational organization without introducing new particles and while remaining compatible with a Minkowski-like spacetime encoding.