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Physical Review A

Enhanced electromechanical entanglement in a coupled optoelectromechanical system

Xuan Ma, Yikyung Yu, Xue Yan Han, Hong‐Fu Wang, Shou Zhang

Published Mar 4, 2025• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum entanglement, as a central concept in quantum theory, plays a crucial role in understanding the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and is widely studied in advanced practical technological applications. We study the behavior of bipartite and tripartite entanglement in a hybrid optoelectromechanical system consisting of a pair of coupled cavities, a large mass membrane, and a low-frequency $LC$ resonator. Within the experimentally achievable parameters, we observe a significant enhancement of the electromechanical entanglement, which directly originates from the electromechanical coupling. We also show that entanglement between subsystems can be manipulated by tuning the cavity-cavity coupling rate. Furthermore, we significantly enhance the robustness of electromechanical entanglement against thermal noise. The enhancement of electromechanical entanglement in this system will facilitate the investigation of quantum theory applications on more macroscopic scales, such as medical imaging, quantum communication, and astronomical signal detection.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.111.033503

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Quantum entanglement, as a central concept in quantum theory, plays a crucial role in understanding the fundamentals of quantum mechanics and is widely studied in advanced practical technological applications. We study the behavior of bipartite and tripartite entanglement in a hybrid optoelectromechanical system consisting of a pair of coupled cavities, a large mass membrane, and a low-frequency LCLCLC resonator. Within the experimentally achievable parameters, we observe a significant enhancement of the electromechanical entanglement, which directly originates from the electromechanical coupling. We also show that entanglement between subsystems can be manipulated by tuning the cavity-cavity coupling rate. Furthermore, we significantly enhance the robustness of electromechanical entanglement against thermal noise. The enhancement of electromechanical entanglement in this system will facilitate the investigation of quantum theory applications on more macroscopic scales, such as medical imaging, quantum communication, and astronomical signal detection.
This study investigates the generation and enhancement of quantum entanglement in an electro-optomechanical ring cavity system. The setup integrates two Coulomb-coupled mechanical resonators, which serve as the fundamental mechanism for the generation of bipartite and tripartite entanglement via charge mediated coupling. We then demonstrate the significant enhancement of this entanglement via a nonlinear parametric drive (an optical parametric amplifier, OPA), which injects a controllable nonlinearity into the cavity. We derive the system's Hamiltonian and the corresponding quantum Langevin equations, which are linearized around steady-state solutions to analyze Gaussian quantum fluctuations. Employing the covariance matrix formalism, we quantify bipartite entanglement via logarithmic negativity and tripartite entanglement via the minimum residual contangle. Our results unequivocally show that while the Coulomb interaction is indispensable for creating entanglement, the OPA acts as a powerful control tool, dramatically amplifying the degree of quantum correlations for all subsystems. We find that the strength of entanglement is highly sensitive to several parameters and can be optimized through the strategic selection of the OPA's gain and phase, the laser detuning, and the input power. A key finding is the existence of a trade-off, where parameters that maximize entanglement also constrain the stable operating regime of the system. Furthermore, thermal noise is shown to progressively degrade all quantum correlations, underscoring the necessity for low-temperature operation. These findings provide comprehensive guidance for parameter optimization, outlining a clear path from generation to enhancement, and highlight the potential of such hybrid systems as versatile platforms for controlling multipartite entanglement in quantum technologies.
Abstract We present a double-cavity optomechanical system with a mechanical oscillator, which is jointly driven by an amplitude-modulated laser field and a weak squeezed vacuum field, aiming to explore quantum entanglement effects under the unresolved-sideband regime. Within our proposed scheme, it is possible not only to surpass the limit of maximum steady-state entanglement ln2 for bipartite entanglement, achieving strong entanglement, but also to significantly enhance tripartite entanglement and improve the system’s robustness against thermal noise. Meanwhile, the introduction of the squeezed vacuum field plays a crucial role in entanglement control, enabling not only a several-fold enhancement of entanglement but also continuous and precise manipulation of its strength within specific ranges. The suggested method demonstrates exceptional flexibility and adaptability under a wide range of operating conditions, offering a new pathway for theoretical and experimental investigations of strong bipartite entanglement and tripartite entanglement.
Abstract We investigate theoretically the entanglement in a hybrid Fabry-Perot cavity system. A membrane in the cavity acts as a mechanical resonator, and a two-level quantum dot is coupled to both the cavity mode and the mechanical resonator. The entanglements between the cavity field and the mechanical resonator, between the mechanical resonator and the quantum dot, as well as between the cavity field and the quantum dot are observed. The logarithmic negativities in the first two subsystems are much larger than those in the system without two-way coupled quantum dot, and the entanglements are robust against the thermal temperature (entanglements still exist in tens of Kelvin). We also find that without direct coupling between the cavity field and the mechanical resonator, one can till observe effective entanglement between them in our system. Our work is helpful and may have potential applications in the research of multipartite entanglement in physical system.
The preparation of highly entangled states involving multiparticle systems is of crucial importance in quantum physics, playing a fundamental role in exploring the nature of quantum mechanics and offering essential quantum resources for nascent quantum technologies that surpass classical limits. Here we present how to generate and manipulate a tripartite entangled state of photons, phonons, and magnons within a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system. It is shown that simultaneously applying two coherent driving fields to this system in opposite input directions enables a coherent and effective way to regulate the magnomechanical interaction by tuning the phase difference of the driving fields. Based on this feature, it is found that the tripartite entanglement also becomes phase dependent and can be enhanced for certain phase differences. More interestingly, it is shown that the robustness of tripartite entanglement against environmental thermal noises can also be improved by choosing a proper phase difference of the driving fields. Our findings offer a promising way to manipulate and protect fragile tripartite entanglement, which is applicable to a wide range of quantum protocols that require multipartite entangled resources such as quantum communication and quantum metrology.
Quantum entanglement is an interesting resource for modern quantum technologies, where generating multiple quantum entanglement is highly required. However, entanglement engineering between multiple modes is strongly suppressed by dark mode effect. Here, we proposed a scheme based on molecular cavity optomechanical structure that enhances quantum bipartite and tripartite entanglement via dark mode breaking. Our proposal consists of an optical cavity that hosts two molecular ensembles which are coupled through an intermolecular coupling. A vibrational hopping rate JmJ_mJm​ captures the intermolecular coupling that is phase modulated via the synthetic gauge field method. The breaking of the dark mode is controlled by tuning both the intermolecular coupling and its modulation phase. By adjusting these parameters in our proposal, we can flexibly switch between the Dark Mode Unbroken (DMU) and the Dark Mode Broken (DMB) regimes. We find that in the dark-mode-unbroken regime, the amount of the generated bipartite and tripartite entanglement is significantly low or is suppressed. In contrast, in the dark-mode-broken regime, the entanglement is greatly enhanced,i.e., up to twofold enhancement. Moreover, the generated entanglement is more resilient against thermal noise in the dark-mode-broken regime compared to the thermal robustness in the unbroken regime. Therefore, our proposed scheme serves as a benckmark system to improve quantum correlations engineering, and to generate noise-tolerant quantum resources for applications in numerous modern quantum technologies.
We present a theoretical investigation of quantum entanglement enhancement in an electro-optomechanical system comprising a ring cavity with two Coulomb-coupled mechanical resonators and an embedded optical parametric amplifier (OPA). The system dynamics are governed by radiation pressure interactions between the optical field and mechanical modes, modified by both the Coulomb coupling and OPA-induced squeezing. Through a comprehensive quantum Langevin analysis and linearization approach, we demonstrate how these competing interactions can be exploited to generate and control entanglement. Our key finding is that the Coulomb interaction strength is fundamental for generating bipartite entanglement, both between directly coupled mechanical modes and, more remarkably, between optical and mechanical modes, thereby influencing the entire system. The OPA parameters, namely the gain and phase, provide powerful control knobs for entanglement optimization. Notably, the OPA enhances entanglement robustness against thermal noise, resulting in stronger quantum correlations. We quantify these effects through covariance matrix methods and logarithmic negativity measures. The study provides new insights into hybrid optomechanical entanglement generation, showing how combined charge-mediated coupling and optical squeezing can overcome typical limitations of purely optomechanical systems. These results offer practical guidelines for experimental implementations in quantum information processing and macroscopic quantum state engineering, particularly in systems where environmental noise and parameter stability are critical concerns.