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IEEE Conference on Information and Communication Technology (CICT)

Hybrid Quantum Machine Learning Model for Power Allocation in NOMA

Tanmoy Nandi, Amit Kumar Baghel, Abhishek Kumar Pathak, Vimal Bhatia

Published Dec 6, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Recent advances in quantum machine learning with its inherent properties of superposition, quantum parallelism, and quantum entanglement, have opened doors of possibilities in solving complex resource allocation problems in digital communication technologies. This study investigates power allocation in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems using hybrid quantum neural networks (QNN) and compares with the classical neural network. A dataset is prepared for training the models and analysis of performance of the model is presented. Results show that the hybrid QNN achieves similar validation accuracy, while reducing overfitting and maintaining comparable performance in maximizing the sum rate. Despite fewer number of layers and parameters, the hybrid QNN achieves competitive results, demonstrating the potential of quantum-enhanced models in NOMA power allocation tasks.

DOI
10.1109/cict64037.2024.10899724

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Recent advances in quantum machine learning with its inherent properties of superposition, quantum parallelism, and quantum entanglement, have opened doors of possibilities in solving complex resource allocation problems in digital communication technologies. This study investigates power allocation in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems using hybrid quantum neural networks (QNN) and compares with the classical neural network. A dataset is prepared for training the models and analysis of performance of the model is presented. Results show that the hybrid QNN achieves similar validation accuracy, while reducing overfitting and maintaining comparable performance in maximizing the sum rate. Despite fewer number of layers and parameters, the hybrid QNN achieves competitive results, demonstrating the potential of quantum-enhanced models in NOMA power allocation tasks.
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Quantum neural network with parallel training (called PS-QNN) is presented in this study to optimize wireless resource allocation. Instead of sending the whole dataset, each edge only requires to send the statistical parameters of the dataset; hence reducing the dimension of training data. As a particular case, the proposed PS-QNN is utilized to optimize transmit precoding and power allocation in non-orthogonal multiple access with multiple-input and multiple-output antennas (MIMO-NOMA). Compared to the conventional training method, analysis shows that the proposed parallel training yields a lower complexity, while achieving a comparable sum rate compared to conventional method.
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Quantum neural networks (QNNs) have attracted significant attention recently, primarily because of their potential to address complex problems deemed difficult for traditional computational methods. This study explores the viability of QNN in handling multiclass classification tasks in downlink nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) frameworks. The investigation includes a design of QNN framework and performance evaluation of a QNN-based NOMA detector, integrating maximum likelihood (ML), successive interference cancellation (SIC), and rotated ML (RML) methods. A QNN framework was configured for all three detectors, and a comparative analysis was conducted in terms of loss, accuracy, and testing across varied signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels and power allocation coefficients, considering NOMA-specific characteristics. Furthermore, the computational complexity of each detector was analyzed within the proposed framework.
This paper investigates quantum machine learning to optimize the beamforming in a multiuser multiple-input single-output downlink system. We aim to combine the power of quantum neural networks and the success of classical deep neural networks to enhance the learning performance. Specifically, we propose two hybrid quantum-classical neural networks to maximize the sum rate of a downlink system. The first one proposes a quantum neural network employing parameterized quantum circuits that follows a classical convolutional neural network. The classical neural network can be jointly trained with the quantum neural network or pre-trained leading to a fine-tuning transfer learning method. The second one designs a quantum convolutional neural network to better extract features followed by a classical deep neural network. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed hybrid neural networks, and reveal that the first method can achieve similar sum rate performance compared to a benchmark classical neural network with significantly less training parameters; while the second method can achieve higher sum rate especially in presence of many users still with less training parameters. The robustness of the proposed methods is verified using both software simulators and hardware emulators considering noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices.