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Dynamics

Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics: Tryptophans Entangled with Water as Data Qubits in a Microtubule

Akihiro Nishiyama, Shigenori Tanaka, Jack A. Tuszyński

Published Mar 1, 2025• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics (wQED) for the description of tryptophans in microtubules representing data qubits for information storage and, possibly, information processing. We propose a Hamiltonian in wQED and derive Heisenberg equations for qubits and photons. Using the Heisenberg equations, we derive time-evolution equations for the probability of qubits and the distribution of photons both at zero and finite temperature. We then demonstrate the resultant sub-radiance with small decay rates, which is required to achieve robust data qubits for information storage by coupling tryptophan residues containing data qubits with water molecules as Josephson quantum filters (JQFs). We also describe an oscillation processes of qubits in a tubulin dimer through the propagation of excitations with changing decay rates of JQFs. Data qubits are found to retain initial values by adopting sub-radiant states involving entanglement with water degrees of freedom.

DOI
10.3390/dynamics5010007

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Entanglement is an integral part of the quantum information processing and quantum computations that have been proposed to take place in the brain. Microtubules and photons are agents that have been mainly discussed as related factors in quantum computations of the brain. In the present article, we report the dynamical behaviour of entanglement between Tubulin states and bio-photons and their implication for the previously proposed memory storage in Microtubules. We had used Von-Neumann entropy to quantified entanglement and we showed that the degree of such entanglements depend on coupling constant (/Lambda ), detuning (/Delta ) and number of bio-photons. The entanglement between bio-photon and tubulin in human brain is controlled by coupling constant in different parts of brain.

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In this paper, we introduce waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics (wQED) for the description of tryptophans in microtubules representing data qubits for information storage and, possibly, information processing. We propose a Hamiltonian in wQED and derive Heisenberg equations for qubits and photons. Using the Heisenberg equations, we derive time-evolution equations for the probability of qubits and the distribution of photons both at zero and finite temperature. We then demonstrate the resultant sub-radiance with small decay rates, which is required to achieve robust data qubits for information storage by coupling tryptophan residues containing data qubits with water molecules as Josephson quantum filters (JQFs). We also describe an oscillation processes of qubits in a tubulin dimer through the propagation of excitations with changing decay rates of JQFs. Data qubits are found to retain initial values by adopting sub-radiant states involving entanglement with water degrees of freedom.
Abstract This paper provides a model of how tryptophan and water qubit states in neuronal microtubules can be manipulated by external photon supply. The formalism employed is cavity quantum electrodynamics represented by Tavis–Cummings Hamiltonian with the degrees of freedom that include upper polariton, lower polariton (LP) states and dark states, coupled with photons in a waveguide and the environment. Time-evolution equations for tryptophan and water qubits and photons are derived. Within this framework, a possible phase-modulation mechanism relevant to holographic information processing is proposed and described. External photon supply at frequencies corresponding to LP states might induce dynamical evolution in tryptophan and water qubits, suggesting a possible phase-modulation mechanism relevant to holographic information processing.
Networks of aromatic amino acid residues within microtubules, particularly those formed by tryptophan, may serve as pathways for optical information flow. Ultraviolet excitation dynamics in these networks are typically modeled with effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. By extending this approach to a Lindblad master equation that incorporates explicit site geometries and dipole orientations, we track how correlations are generated, routed, and dissipated, while capturing both energy dissipation and information propagation among coupled chromophores. We compare localized injections, fully delocalized preparations, and eigenmode-based initial states. To quantify the emerging quantum-informational structure, we evaluate the L1L_1L1​ norm of coherence, the correlated coherence, and the logarithmic negativity within and between selected chromophore sub-networks. The results reveal a strong dependence of both the direction and persistence of information flow on the type of initial preparation. Superradiant components drive the rapid export of correlations to the environment, whereas subradiant components retain them and slow their leakage. Embedding single tubulin units into larger dimers and spirals reshapes pairwise correlation maps and enables site-selective routing. Scaling to larger ordered lattices strengthens both export and retention channels, whereas static energetic and structural disorder suppresses long-range transport and reduces overall correlation transfer. These findings provide a Lindbladian picture of information flow in cytoskeletal chromophore networks and identify structural and dynamical conditions that transiently preserve nonclassical correlations in microtubules.
This paper aims to address the possibility of parametric resonance effects in microtubules via tryptophan qubits, using the Hamiltonian of the cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) model involving photons in a waveguide and the surrounding environment. The time evolution equations for qubits and photons are derived using the input–output formulation. Input signals with a 560 nm wavelength are amplified by Rabi oscillations for tryptophan qubits in excited states. Here, the qubits organized in multiple layers are all in excited states. When an appropriate decay to the environment occurs as internal loss, which is prepared in multiple layers, we find binary patterns of the parametric amplification of input signals and the reduction of output signals. This property might help us to understand the information processing of optical signals by filtering them with the use of tryptophan residues in microtubules and diffused nonlocal processing spreading over the whole brain in the form of holograms.
This review describes the emerging field of waveguide quantum electrodynamics (WQED) concerned with the interaction of photons propagating in a waveguide with localized quantum emitters. The collective emitter-photon interactions can lead to both enhanced and suppressed coupling compared to the case of independent emitters. Here, we focus on guided photons and ordered arrays, leading to super- and sub-radiant states, bound photon states and quantum correlations with promising quantum information applications. We highlight recent groundbreaking experiments performed with different quantum platforms, including cold atoms, superconducting qubits, semiconductor quantum dots, quantum solid-state defects, and we provide a comprehensive introduction to theoretical techniques to study the interactions and dynamics of these emitters and the photons in the waveguide.
Abstract We examine the quantum coherence properties of tubulin heterodimers arranged into the protofilaments of cytoskeletal microtubules. In the physical model proposed by the authors, the microtubule interiors are treated as high-Q quantum electrodynamics (QED) cavities that can support decoherence-resistant entangled states under physiological conditions, with decoherence times of the order of O(10−6)\mathcal {O}(10^{-6})O(10−6) O ( 10 - 6 ) s. We identify strong electric dipole interactions between tubulin dimers and ordered water dipole quanta within the microtuble interior as the mechanism responsible for the extended coherence times. Classical nonlinear (pseudospin) σ\sigma σ σ -models describing solitonic excitations are reinterpreted as emergent quantum-coherent—or possibly pointer—states, arising from incomplete collapse of dipole-aligned quantum states. These solitons mediate dissipation-free energy transfer along microtubule filaments. We discuss logic-gate-like behaviour facilitated by microtubule-associated proteins, and outline how such structures may enable scalable, ambient-temperature quantum computation, with the fundamental unit of information storage realized as a quDit encoded in the tubulin dipole state. We further describe a process akin to “decision-making” that emerges following an external stimulus, whereby optimal, energy-loss-free signal and information transport pathways are selected across the microtubular network. Finally, we propose experimental approaches—including Rabi-splitting spectroscopy and entangled surface plasmon probes—to validate the use of biomatter as a substrate for scalable quantum computation.
Entanglement is an integral part of the quantum information processing and quantum computations that have been proposed to take place in the brain. Microtubules and photons are agents that have been mainly discussed as related factors in quantum computations of the brain. In the present article, we report the dynamical behaviour of entanglement between Tubulin states and bio-photons and their implication for the previously proposed memory storage in Microtubules. We had used Von-Neumann entropy to quantified entanglement and we showed that the degree of such entanglements depend on coupling constant (/Lambda ), detuning (/Delta ) and number of bio-photons. The entanglement between bio-photon and tubulin in human brain is controlled by coupling constant in different parts of brain.