© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

Terms Privacy Legal Notice

Journal of Physics Conference Series

Transfer of fractional orbital angular momentum in atomic vapor in a five-level system

Xiaohan Qu, Chunfang Wang

Published Feb 1, 2025• 0 citations

Abstract

Abstract We present a theoretical investigation into the transfer of fractional orbital angular momentum (FOAM) in a five-level atomic system and study its interference with a Gaussian field of the same frequency. Through simulations and analysis, we demonstrate that the number of doughnuts in the superposition field remains consistent with that of the FOAM field, meaning the persistent presence of the doughnut-shaped defect. We also observe significant alterations in both spatial intensity distributions and the intensity of the superposition field by increasing the intensity of the control field, and its spatial intensity distributions more clearly exhibit the characteristic of uneven spatial distribution of FOAM vortex light. Interestingly, the intensity distributions within the inner ring of the superimposed field display greater unevenness compared to the outer ring. Additionally, the phase distributions of the superposition field resulting from the interference between the Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) field and the Gaussian field are examined, revealing irregular period distributions consistent with those observed in the FOAM vortex field. These findings provide theoretical support for the propagation and manipulation of FOAM vortex beams in atomic systems, offering potential implications for applications involving fractional orbital angular momentum in atomic systems and enhancing information transmission capacity.

DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2964/1/012086

Related papers

A five-level cold atomic system for the orbital angular momentum exchange based on a four-wave mixing setup

E Ali, Suhair Mohammad Husein Kamona, Talib Kh. Hussein +7 more

Abstract In this paper, we suggest a theoretical model for the exchange of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) state of laser fields in a real cold atomic system for realization in an experimental setup. By using four-wave mixing (FWM) processes, we study the spatial dependence of the new weak generated signal light under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions when one of the laser lights becomes an optical vortex. We discuss the spatial dependence of FWM processes via experimental parameters for different conditions of the OAM of vortex light. We have found that the intensity and phase distributions of the new generated light depends strongly on the OAM number of the optical vortex light. Moreover, we investigate the absorption spectrum of the new generated signal light for different OAM of the optical vortex light. Our obtained results may have potential applications in quantum information science.

Laser Physics•Nov 24, 2023•2 citations

Control of space-dependent four-wave mixing in a four-level atomic system

Jing Qiu, Zhiping Wang, Dong-Sheng Ding +2 more

We propose a scheme to demonstrate the manipulation of space-dependent four-wave mixing (FWM) in a four-level atomic system. By adjusting the detuning of the control field, one can effectively control the FWM output field transferred from a pump beam carrying orbital angular momentum. More interestingly, by appropriate choice of the intensity of the control field, the FWM field can be significantly enhanced and phase twist is almost completely suppressed. Furthermore, the superposition modes created by the interference between the FWM field and a same-frequency Gaussian beam are also discussed, showing many interesting properties. Our results may open some possibilities for phase imprinting in Bose-Einstein condensates or atom manipulation with optical tweezers.

Physical Review A•Sep 18, 2020•59 citations

Manipulation of the orbital angular momentum via four-wave mixing in Rb vapor

Ning Liu, Xuewen Wang, Jinpeng Yuan +3 more

Abstract The manipulation of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) contributes to understand the OAM multiplexing, is significant in free-space optical communication and information processing. We theoretically simulate and experimentally demonstrate the regularity of the OAM transfer, including the angular and radial modes, of Laguerre–Gaussian beam via four-wave mixing process in 85Rb vapor. The 420 nm coherent blue light output field inherits the phase characteristic of 780 nm and 776 nm beams with different OAM modes. The output field OAM modes show the transfer as a typical arithmetic operation of the input field OAM modes with equal-handed angular indice l, while, the conversion between angular and radial modes occurs with the opposite angular indice l. Such rules of the OAM transfer and manipulation have implications on the research of high-capacity information transfer and quantum communication.

Laser Physics Letters•Jan 31, 2023•6 citations

Transfer of Orbital Angular Momentum in Vortex Light through Four-Wave Mixing and the Manipulation of Slow and Fast Light

Fan Meng, Xin-Yao Huang, Guo-Feng Zhang

Vortex light, a unique optical field that carries orbital angular momentum (OAM), has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this paper, we present a detailed theoretical analysis of OAM transfer from the input field to the generated signal field in a four-level double-Lambda system via the four-wave mixing (FWM) process, showing that their OAMs follow a specific algebraic relationship. We identify the optimal conditions for efficient vortex light transmission, analyze the influence of detuning on transmission efficiency and phase distortion, and specifically examine the scenario where the control field carries OAM the latter being essential for a complete characterization of OAM conservation in the FWM process, while all three aspects have been largely overlooked in the existing literature. Furthermore, we investigated the tunability of the group velocity between the probe and signal fields by modulating the Rabi frequencies of the two control fields and the relative phase between the probe and signal fields during the FWM process. We demonstrate that the conversion between matched vortex slow and fast light can be realized an effect that has not been widely explored in dual-Lambda-type systems. These results may hold promise for applications in quantum information storage and processing, quantum computing, and ultrasensitive detection.

physics.opticsCross-listedarXiv:2601.06579•Physica Scripta•Jan 13, 2026•2 citations

Spatial vortex four-wave mixing in a five-level atomic system

Shoufei Gan

Abstract We propose a scheme for modulating the spatial vortex four-wave mixing (FWM) in a five-level atomic system. During nonlinear FWM process, we find the FWM field can be easily manipulated by adjusting the corresponding parameters. Practically, the vortex phase can be spatially modulated. Thus, our results may be helpful to study nonlinear quantum phenomena based on orbital angular momentum light.

Laser Physics•Mar 30, 2021•3 citations

The Four Wave Mixing (FWM) in a five-level atomic system driven by magnetic field

Chunfang Wang, Xiaohan Qu, Qixin Zhang

We present a scheme to demonstrate the manipulation of spatially dependent four-wave mixing (FWM) in a five-level atomic system which driven by external magnetic field. One can obtain the FWM field that transferred from the vortex pump field carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM), and the enhancement of FWM conversion efficiency can be achieved by increasing the intensity of the vortex pump or adjusting the control field, while the FWM phase twists in different trend under the two situations. As the response to the external magnetic field, the peak conversion efficiency of FMW is attainted at the symmetrical points, where FWM phase twist direction changes symmetrically with the magnetic field. This finding holds potential applications in magnetic detection and contributes to a deep understanding of nonlinear phenomenon in the atomic system.

•Dec 19, 2023•0 citations

Abstract We present a theoretical investigation into the transfer of fractional orbital angular momentum (FOAM) in a five-level atomic system and study its interference with a Gaussian field of the same frequency. Through simulations and analysis, we demonstrate that the number of doughnuts in the superposition field remains consistent with that of the FOAM field, meaning the persistent presence of the doughnut-shaped defect. We also observe significant alterations in both spatial intensity distributions and the intensity of the superposition field by increasing the intensity of the control field, and its spatial intensity distributions more clearly exhibit the characteristic of uneven spatial distribution of FOAM vortex light. Interestingly, the intensity distributions within the inner ring of the superimposed field display greater unevenness compared to the outer ring. Additionally, the phase distributions of the superposition field resulting from the interference between the Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) field and the Gaussian field are examined, revealing irregular period distributions consistent with those observed in the FOAM vortex field. These findings provide theoretical support for the propagation and manipulation of FOAM vortex beams in atomic systems, offering potential implications for applications involving fractional orbital angular momentum in atomic systems and enhancing information transmission capacity.

Abstract In this paper, we suggest a theoretical model for the exchange of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) state of laser fields in a real cold atomic system for realization in an experimental setup. By using four-wave mixing (FWM) processes, we study the spatial dependence of the new weak generated signal light under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions when one of the laser lights becomes an optical vortex. We discuss the spatial dependence of FWM processes via experimental parameters for different conditions of the OAM of vortex light. We have found that the intensity and phase distributions of the new generated light depends strongly on the OAM number of the optical vortex light. Moreover, we investigate the absorption spectrum of the new generated signal light for different OAM of the optical vortex light. Our obtained results may have potential applications in quantum information science.

We propose a scheme to demonstrate the manipulation of space-dependent four-wave mixing (FWM) in a four-level atomic system. By adjusting the detuning of the control field, one can effectively control the FWM output field transferred from a pump beam carrying orbital angular momentum. More interestingly, by appropriate choice of the intensity of the control field, the FWM field can be significantly enhanced and phase twist is almost completely suppressed. Furthermore, the superposition modes created by the interference between the FWM field and a same-frequency Gaussian beam are also discussed, showing many interesting properties. Our results may open some possibilities for phase imprinting in Bose-Einstein condensates or atom manipulation with optical tweezers.

Abstract The manipulation of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) contributes to understand the OAM multiplexing, is significant in free-space optical communication and information processing. We theoretically simulate and experimentally demonstrate the regularity of the OAM transfer, including the angular and radial modes, of Laguerre–Gaussian beam via four-wave mixing process in 85Rb vapor. The 420 nm coherent blue light output field inherits the phase characteristic of 780 nm and 776 nm beams with different OAM modes. The output field OAM modes show the transfer as a typical arithmetic operation of the input field OAM modes with equal-handed angular indice l, while, the conversion between angular and radial modes occurs with the opposite angular indice l. Such rules of the OAM transfer and manipulation have implications on the research of high-capacity information transfer and quantum communication.

Vortex light, a unique optical field that carries orbital angular momentum (OAM), has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this paper, we present a detailed theoretical analysis of OAM transfer from the input field to the generated signal field in a four-level double-Lambda system via the four-wave mixing (FWM) process, showing that their OAMs follow a specific algebraic relationship. We identify the optimal conditions for efficient vortex light transmission, analyze the influence of detuning on transmission efficiency and phase distortion, and specifically examine the scenario where the control field carries OAM the latter being essential for a complete characterization of OAM conservation in the FWM process, while all three aspects have been largely overlooked in the existing literature. Furthermore, we investigated the tunability of the group velocity between the probe and signal fields by modulating the Rabi frequencies of the two control fields and the relative phase between the probe and signal fields during the FWM process. We demonstrate that the conversion between matched vortex slow and fast light can be realized an effect that has not been widely explored in dual-Lambda-type systems. These results may hold promise for applications in quantum information storage and processing, quantum computing, and ultrasensitive detection.

We present a scheme to demonstrate the manipulation of spatially dependent four-wave mixing (FWM) in a five-level atomic system which driven by external magnetic field. One can obtain the FWM field that transferred from the vortex pump field carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM), and the enhancement of FWM conversion efficiency can be achieved by increasing the intensity of the vortex pump or adjusting the control field, while the FWM phase twists in different trend under the two situations. As the response to the external magnetic field, the peak conversion efficiency of FMW is attainted at the symmetrical points, where FWM phase twist direction changes symmetrically with the magnetic field. This finding holds potential applications in magnetic detection and contributes to a deep understanding of nonlinear phenomenon in the atomic system.