Cancer is a hazardous ailment, becoming even more ominous due to its capacity to remain unnoticed. The significance of cancer research lies in its role in enhancing both the detection and treatment of this disease, ultimately leading to improved quality of life for affected individuals. The process of edge detection assumes a pivotal role in image processing, as it aids in the identification of object boundaries within images. In recent years, quantum computing has garnered substantial attention for its potential to address complex problems more efficiently than classical computers. In this work, we employed edge-detection technique to annotate images related to breast cancer. We have attempted the portion of cancerous nuclei in one biopsy data sample with several malignant nuclei and validated these findings through manual examination. We have used Quantum Hadamard Edge Detection Algorithm (QHED) to identify the nuclei edges. We implemented the algorithm on quantum simulator platforms ie qiskit and Amazon Web Services (AWS). We present the results from implementation on 4 qubits in AWS simulators i.e. State Vector (SV) Simulator and Density Matrix (DM) Simulator. In qiskit implementation, the algorithm was implemented on 4096 x 4096 pixels of biopsy image, that required 24 qubits in the qiskit platform when performing on a CPU. Further, the research presented herein compares the outcomes of Canny edge detection and the results achieved through quantum edge detection from real data and we observe that the results from the quantum approach are at par with the results obtained from the classical approach.
Cancer is a hazardous ailment, becoming even more ominous due to its capacity to remain unnoticed. The significance of cancer research lies in its role in enhancing both the detection and treatment of this disease, ultimately leading to improved quality of life for affected individuals. The process of edge detection assumes a pivotal role in image processing, as it aids in the identification of object boundaries within images. In recent years, quantum computing has garnered substantial attention for its potential to address complex problems more efficiently than classical computers. In this work, we employed edge-detection technique to annotate images related to breast cancer. We have attempted the portion of cancerous nuclei in one biopsy data sample with several malignant nuclei and validated these findings through manual examination. We have used Quantum Hadamard Edge Detection Algorithm (QHED) to identify the nuclei edges. We implemented the algorithm on quantum simulator platforms ie qiskit and Amazon Web Services (AWS). We present the results from implementation on 4 qubits in AWS simulators i.e. State Vector (SV) Simulator and Density Matrix (DM) Simulator. In qiskit implementation, the algorithm was implemented on 4096 x 4096 pixels of biopsy image, that required 24 qubits in the qiskit platform when performing on a CPU. Further, the research presented herein compares the outcomes of Canny edge detection and the results achieved through quantum edge detection from real data and we observe that the results from the quantum approach are at par with the results obtained from the classical approach.
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening diseases affecting women worldwide, and early detection plays a crucial role in improving survival rates and treatment outcomes.Conventional diagnostic methods such as mammography, ultrasound imaging, and histopathological analysis rely heavily on expert interpretation and classical machine learning techniques.Although classical deep learning models, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have demonstrated impressive performance in medical image analysis, they face inherent limitations related to computational complexity, scalability, and the curse of dimensionality when handling large, high-resolution datasets.With the rapid advancement of quantum computing, Quantum Machine Learning (QML) has emerged as a promising paradigm capable of addressing these challenges by leveraging quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement.This research explores the application of Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (Quantum CNNs or QCNNs) for breast cancer detection, aiming to enhance classification accuracy while reducing computational overhead.The proposed approach integrates quantum circuits with classical preprocessing techniques to extract discriminative features from breast cancer datasets, such as mammographic or histopathological images.By encoding image features into quantum states and performing convolution operations through parameterized quantum circuits, the Quantum CNN model is designed to learn complex patterns more efficiently than classical counterparts.The study evaluates the effectiveness of Quantum CNNs in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast tumors and compares its performance with traditional CNN models.The findings highlight the potential of Quantum CNNs to revolutionize medical image analysis by offering faster convergence, improved generalization, and robustness against noise.This research contributes to the growing field of quantumassisted healthcare systems and demonstrates how quantum computing can be harnessed to address critical challenges in breast cancer diagnosis.
Quantum image processing is a research field that explores the use of quantum computing and algorithms for image processing tasks such as image encoding and edge detection. Although classical edge detection algorithms perform reasonably well and are quite efficient, they become outright slower when it comes to large datasets with high-resolution images. Quantum computing promises to deliver a significant performance boost and breakthroughs in various sectors. Quantum Hadamard Edge Detection (QHED) algorithm, for example, works at constant time complexity, and thus detects edges much faster than any classical algorithm. However, the original QHED algorithm is designed for Quantum Probability Image Encoding (QPIE) and mainly works for binary images. This paper presents a novel protocol by combining the Flexible Representation of Quantum Images (FRQI) encoding and a modified QHED algorithm. An improved edge outline method has been proposed in this work resulting in a better object outline output and more accurate edge detection than the traditional QHED algorithm.
Experts predict that the use of artificial intelligence and quantum computing will transform medicine including medical imaging. One of the common malignant tumors in women and seriously threatens women’s physical and mental health is breast cancer. The high incidence and mortality of breast cancer are seriously threatening women’s physical and mental health. The long time it took to get breast cancer’s test result and the conditions which make delay without being treated which caused the loss of lives due to latency. Early screening for breast cancer via mammography, ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. Artificial intelligence has been extensively researched for breast cancer screening and has demonstrated good performance in image identification tests. This research was introduced analytical estimation for quantum Convolutional Neural Network for breast cancer detection, such as in the identification, segmentation and classification of lesions, breast density assessment and breast cancer risk assessment. Objectives will be to: To detect the breast cancer on a quantum convolutional neural network algorithm using image recognition, to create and develop a CNN and QCNN algorithm that will detect breast Cancer using Deep Learning and to early predict pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival analysis using Deep Learning. Data was analyzed through the use of descriptive and deep learning models like CNN and QCNN models. This research used also Google Collab to analyze the data and used data analysis tools python as programming language. From the study results, we have demonstrated the efficacy of quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNNs) to detect breast cancer cells. Using the techniques of deep learning and supervised learning in the quantum framework, we have proposed and tested the effectiveness of quantum CNN on the quantum simulator available at the IBM quantum experience platform.
Cancer is the leading cause of premature mortality. Globally, the prevalence of cancer is on the rise, and early-stage diagnosis is crucial for cancer recovery and survival. However, the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and heterogeneity within the tumor makes it hard to track how cancer changes over time and how resistance to treatment develops. Unfortunately, the cancer diagnosis precision remains inadequate, endangering precious human lives and necessitating costly procedures for accurate treatment. Machine learning (ML) has proven capable of discovering meaningful information and making predictions, particularly with large datasets. Moreover, quantum computers (QCs) inherently possess superposition and parallel computation, features not found in classical computing. Researchers have demonstrated that quantum neural networks (QNNs) achieve a significantly better effective dimension than classical NNs. In this context, this study investigates the application of classical and quantum machine learning (QML) algorithms to classify breast cancer images. Region-based segmentation is used to identify regions of interest and image processing algorithms are performed on segmented breast cancer images to extract meaningful features (e.g., perimeter, area, compactness). An user interface (UI) based software is created to swiftly distinguish benign and malignant instances during image analysis. Although QNNs perform poorly than the classical NNs, there is still a long way to go in developing feature maps and techniques for better performance. In contrast, the classical NNs have gone a long way with well-established algorithms and packages available to us. This research shows that with further development, QML has the potential to enhance cancer diagnosis accuracy and speed, ultimately improving early detection and treatment outcomes.
Breast cancer is one of the most common neoplasms among women around the world, and early diagnosis significantly improves survival rates. Conventional techniques in the field of machine learning have shown great promise in the prediction of cancer, considering the fact that there is always an opportunity for advancement in terms of computing speed and scalability, especially when working with huge, high-dimensional data sets. In recent years, quantum computing (QC) has seemed to be becoming more prevalent as a powerful alternative. This study investigates the efficiency of traditional and quantum machine learning models in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast cancer tumors. The quantum model has achieved better balance in terms of precision and recall, especially in the case of malignant instance detection. These results demonstrate how QC can be used to supplement conventional machine learning techniques for improved predictive performance in breast cancer diagnosis, marking a significant step toward utilizing the technology’s potential in medicinal applications.
Image processing and detection are natural extensions of detecting the edges, curves, and areas of sudden changes in brightness or, more specifically, missing pixels. Edge detection is a set of mathematical algorithms. Change detection is a term used to describe the process of identifying discrete changes in single-digit data. The dimension. The ability to detect and remove image edges is fundamental to image processing and computer and machine vision. One way to detect and remove features from images is to use edge detection. In this work, we first provide an overview of research in this area, and then list some of the concerns that have been raised regarding rapid development and its achievement. We see “quantum image classification and recognition” as the ideal application to showcase the potential of quantum technology. Quantum Probabilistic Image Encoding (QPIE:QHED) was used in our study to transform classical data into quantum states. It is necessary to apply quantum algorithms to classical problems, a method for quantum Hadamard edge detection, and also uses them to process quantum image data, often produced by QPIE, using QHED, a modern edge detection technique. Quite simply, QHED is a technology for precise edge detection in images that uses quantum computing.