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Zhongguo kexue. Wulixue Lixue Tianwenxue

One-shot inner bounds for quantum multiple-access one-time pad

CHENG Feiran, LIU Xiaoming, Zhengjun Xi

Published Feb 27, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider the one-shot coding of multiple access channels one-time pad. Suppose that the senders and the receiver share an entangled state in the multi-party systems. Using the position-based coding, each sender encodes the classical messages on their systems, then they transmit their systems over the ideal quantum channels. The receiver applies a decoding operator to all the systems in order to figure out which message was transmitted with respect to the quantum joint typicality lemma. We provide the upper bound of the information leakage by the convex split lemma. Combining quantum max-information with quantum hypothesis testing mutual information, we give the inner bound of the achievable rate.

DOI
10.1360/sspma-2024-0595

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We consider the one-shot coding of multiple access channels one-time pad. Suppose that the senders and the receiver share an entangled state in the multi-party systems. Using the position-based coding, each sender encodes the classical messages on their systems, then they transmit their systems over the ideal quantum channels. The receiver applies a decoding operator to all the systems in order to figure out which message was transmitted with respect to the quantum joint typicality lemma. We provide the upper bound of the information leakage by the convex split lemma. Combining quantum max-information with quantum hypothesis testing mutual information, we give the inner bound of the achievable rate.
We introduce and analyze an information theoretical task that we call the quantum multiple-access one-time pad. Here, a number of senders initially share a correlated quantum state with a receiver and an eavesdropper. Each sender performs a local operation to encode a classical message and sends their system to the receiver, who subsequently performs a measurement to decode the messages. The receiver will be able to decode the messages almost perfectly, while the eavesdropper must not be able to extract information about the messages even if they have access to the quantum systems transmitted. We consider a “conditional” scenario in which a portion of the receiver’s side information is also accessible to the eavesdropper. We investigate the maximum amount of classical information that can be encoded by each of the senders. We derive a single-letter characterization for the achievable rate region in an asymptotic limit of infinitely many copies and vanishingly small error.
We provide the first inner bounds for sending private classical information over a quantum multiple access channel. We do so by using three powerful information theoretic techniques: rate splitting, quantum simultaneous decoding for multiple access channels, and a novel smoothed distributed covering lemma for classical quantum channels. Our inner bounds are given in the one shot setting and accordingly the three techniques used are all very recent ones specifically designed to work in this setting. The last technique is new to this work and is our main technical advancement. For the asymptotic iid setting, our one shot inner bounds lead to the natural quantum analogue of the best classical inner bounds for this problem. A full version of this paper is accessible at [5].
We prove the first non-trivial one-shot inner bounds for sending quantum information over an entanglement unassisted two-sender quantum multiple access channel (QMAC) and an unassisted two-sender two-receiver quantum interference channel (QIC). Previous works only studied the unassisted QMAC in the limit of many independent and identical uses of the channel also known as the asymptotic iid limit, and did not study the unassisted QIC at all. We employ two techniques, rate splitting and successive cancellation, in order to obtain our inner bound. Rate splitting was earlier used to obtain inner bounds, avoiding time sharing, for classical channels in the asymptotic iid setting. Our main technical contribution is to extend rate splitting from the classical asymptotic iid setting to the quantum one-shot setting. In the asymptotic iid limit our one-shot inner bound for QMAC approaches the rate region of Yard et al. [22]. For the QIC we get novel non-trivial rate regions in the asymptotic iid setting. All our results also extend to the case where limited entanglement assistance is provided, in both one-shot and asymptotic iid settings. The limited entanglement results for one-shot setting for both QMAC and QIC are new. For the QIC the limited entanglement results are new even in the asymptotic iid setting.
We consider the problem of simulating a two-sender multiple access channel (MAC) for fixed product inputs, where each sender transmits a message to the decoder over a rate-limited noiseless link based on its input and unlimited randomness shared with the decoder. As our main contribution, we characterize the one-shot communication cost region via almost-matching inner and outer bounds phrased in terms of the smooth max-information of the channel. The achievability relies on a rejection-sampling algorithm to simulate a quantization channel between each sender and decoder, and producing the final output based on the output of these intermediate channels. The converse follows via information-spectrum based arguments relating operational quantities to information measures. Our one-shot results recover the single-letter asymptotic rate region for MAC simulation with fixed, independent and identically distributed product inputs, that was obtained in [Kurri et al., IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 68, 7575 (2022)]. We extend our result to quantum-to-classical channels with a separable decomposition [Atif et al., IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 68, 1085 (2022)], for which we obtain a similar characterization.
In this paper, we want to investigate classical-quantum multiple access wiretap channels (CQ-MA-WTC) under one-shot setting. In this regard, we analyze the CQ-MA-WTC using simultaneous position-based decoder for reliable decoding and using a newly introduced technique in order to decode securely. Also, for the sake of comparison, we analyze the CQ-MA-WTC using Sen's one-shot joint typicality lemma for reliable decoding. The simultaneous position-based decoder tends to a multiple hypothesis testing problem. Also, using convex splitting to analyze the privacy criteria in a simultaneous scenario becomes problematic. To overcome both problems, we first introduce a new channel that can be considered as a dual to the CQ-MA-WTC. This channel is called a point-to-point quantum wiretap channel with multiple messages (PP-QWTC). In the following, as a strategy to solve the problem, we also investigate and analyze quantum broadcast channels (QBCs) under the one-shot setting.
In this paper, the problem of private communication of classical messages over a quantum multiple access channel under one-shot setting is studied. In this regard, we first introduce general quantum multiple access wiretap channel, and then we calculate an achievable secrecy rate region for the main channel. The encoding process follows the combination of the superposition and Wyner wiretap coding schemes, and the decoding technique is based on the simultaneous decoder and convex splitting. At last, we extend the results to the l-user case.