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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Mechanical Gain Enhanced Propagation of Light in a Hybrid Spin‐Mechanical System

Hua‐Jun Chen, Yi Yi Sun, Di‐Di Zheng, Guixia Pan

Published Feb 6, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The spin‐mechanical hybrid systems provide a potential platform to reach quantum science and technology, but practical applications with such hybrid quantum systems need the integration of more physical units. In the article, a multi‐mode spin‐mechanical hybrid quantum system is proposed with two‐mode coupling nanomechanical carbon nanotube (CNT) resonators, in which one CNT resonator is loss and the other CNT resonator can be loss, neutral, or gain. The two carbon nanotube (CNT) resonators can interact through a phase‐dependent phonon‐exchange mechanism, which couples them to the same nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond via magnetomechanical effects. By modulating the phase of phonon–phonon coupling and leveraging the Fano‐like resonance phenomenon, double electromagnetically induced transparency can be achieved in this system. This is accompanied by rapid dispersion, resulting in subtle advancements or delays in light propagation. The group index can be manipulated and periodically switched by tuning the modulation phase, with fast‐ and slow‐light effects being particularly pronounced when one CNT resonator is in an active (gain) state compared to lossy or neutral states. This study establishes a foundation for the application of phonon‐mediated optical information storage and processing.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202400344

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Abstract The spin‐mechanical hybrid systems provide a potential platform to reach quantum science and technology, but practical applications with such hybrid quantum systems need the integration of more physical units. In the article, a multi‐mode spin‐mechanical hybrid quantum system is proposed with two‐mode coupling nanomechanical carbon nanotube (CNT) resonators, in which one CNT resonator is loss and the other CNT resonator can be loss, neutral, or gain. The two carbon nanotube (CNT) resonators can interact through a phase‐dependent phonon‐exchange mechanism, which couples them to the same nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond via magnetomechanical effects. By modulating the phase of phonon–phonon coupling and leveraging the Fano‐like resonance phenomenon, double electromagnetically induced transparency can be achieved in this system. This is accompanied by rapid dispersion, resulting in subtle advancements or delays in light propagation. The group index can be manipulated and periodically switched by tuning the modulation phase, with fast‐ and slow‐light effects being particularly pronounced when one CNT resonator is in an active (gain) state compared to lossy or neutral states. This study establishes a foundation for the application of phonon‐mediated optical information storage and processing.
Hybrid spin-mechanical systems offer a promising platform for advancing quantum science and technology. However, practical implementation of applications within these hybrid quantum systems demands the seamless integration of supplementary physical components. In this context, we present a proposal for a multi-mode spin-mechanical setup, featuring the utilization of three-mode coupling nanomechanical carbon nanotube (CNT) resonators. These resonators interact with each other via a phase-dependent phonon-exchange mechanism, which is coupled to the same nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Based on the modulation of the phonon–phonon coupling phase and leveraging the triple Fano-like resonance phenomenon, a tripling of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) becomes achievable within the system. This tripling is accompanied by swift dispersion, leading to a subtle advancement or delay in outcomes. The phenomenon of triple Fano-like resonance, alongside the resulting triple EIT, engenders noteworthy slow-to-fast and fast-to-slow light effects, which is theoretically demonstrated in CNT resonators, with both identical and distinct frequencies. The findings underscore that CNT resonators with varying frequencies can evoke a more pronounced transition in the slow–fast–slow and fast–slow–fast light effects. This study lays the foundation for the application of phonon-mediated optical information storage and processing.
We theoretically propose a multiple-mode-coupling hybrid quantum system comprising two-mode-coupling nanomechanical carbon nanotube (CNT) resonators realized by a phase-dependent phonon-exchange interaction interacting with the same nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. We investigate the coherent optical responses of the NV center under the condition of resonance and detuning. In particular, two-color electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be achieved by controlling the system parameters and coupling regimes. Combining the spin-phonon interactions and phonon-phonon coupling with the modulation phase, the switching of one and two EIT windows has been demonstrated, which generates a light delay or advance. The slow-to-fast and fast-to-slow light transitions have been studied in different coupling regimes, and the switch between slow and fast light can be controlled periodically by tuning the modulation phase. The study can be applied to phonon-mediated optical information storage or information processing with spin qubits based on multiple-mode hybrid quantum systems.
Abstract We propose a hybrid nanomechanical resonator (NR) system, where a NR coupled to an embedded quantum dot (QD) driven by two-tone fields is also coupled to another NR via the Coulomb interaction, and investigate the absorption spectra of the probe field under both the condition of resonance and off-resonance. The absorption spectra in resonance presents a means to determine the coupling strength of the two NRs. In the off-resonance, the absorption spectra can exhibit double Fano resonance, and the positions of the double Fano resonances are related to the interaction of the two NRs, the frequencies of the NRs, and the pump detuning. Furthermore, the double Fano resonances are accompanied by the rapid normal phase dispersion, which indicates the slow- and fast-light effect. We can obtain that the group velocity index is tunable by the interaction between the two NRs, the detuning, and the different resonator frequencies, which can reach the conversion from the fast light to slow light.
An investigation to significantly enhance coupling to nitrogen−vacancy (NV) centers at a single-quanta level is of great interest to further explore its applications in quantum information processing (QIP). This study explores a joint scheme to further enhance NV–phonon coherent coupling with two methods working together in hybrid optomechanical systems. Both methods are mechanics-induced mode field coupling (MFC) that lead, respectively, to the modification of the spatial distribution of the optical field and the mechanical parametric amplification (MPA) realized by modulating the mechanical spring constant in time. With the joint assistance of MFC and MPA, the coherent coupling between the NV spin and one supermode of the mechanical resonators (MRs) can be further significantly enhanced with the rate ∝ n ¯ cav e r . Several potential applications are also discussed in this work. With the ultimate goal to enhance the coupling to NV spin at a single-quanta level, this attempt may provide a promising spin–phonon platform to implement more active control.
We propose a multiple-mechanical-mode-coupling nanomechanical system comprising three nanomechanical resonators (NRs) with different frequencies and each two NRs able to interact with each other. By weaving different NRs and controlling the coupling of NRs, the nanomechanical system can be series-, parallel-, or network-coupled nanoresonators network. Using two-tone fields to drive quantum dot implanted in one NR, we investigate the coherence optical responses and absorption spectrum manifested as a triple Fano resonance. Furthermore, each Fano resonance peak of the triple Fano resonance that induced the coherent optical propagation were demonstrated. The numerical results indicate that the slow light and the slow-to-fast light transition can be obtained by manipulating the interaction of NRs. These findings imply that the multiple-mechanical-mode coupling system can be a promising integration platform to achieve chip-scale applications in quantum information processing.
We theoretically propose a hybrid nanomechanical resonator (NR) system, where a doubly clamped suspended NR with an embedded quantum dot driven by two-tone fields is coupled to another NR via the Coulomb interaction, and we investigate the absorption spectra of the probe field under different exciton-pump field detuning. In the condition of pump on-resonance, the absorption spectrum gives a method to determine the coupling strength of the two NRs. In the pump off resonance, the absorption spectra exhibit double-Fano resonance, which is determined by the interaction of the two NRs, the frequencies of the two NRs, as well as the pump detuning. Furthermore, the double-Fano resonances are accompanied by the rapid normal phase dispersion, which indicates the slow- and fast-light effect. The results show that the group velocity index is tunable by the interaction of the two NRs, the detuning, and the different resonator frequencies, which can achieve the conversion from fast light to slow light.