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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Rydberg blockade and quantum squeezing effects in a microwave mediated five-level inverted Y-type atomic system

Rejjak Laskar, Md. Mabud Hossain, Jayanta K. Saha

Published Jan 21, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We propose a quantum mechanical model for observing Rydberg blockade and squeezing effects using a microwave field-assisted five-level inverted Y-type atom-laser interaction system. Using the mean field approximation, we calculate the mean and squeezed values of collective atomic operators and the probe field’s annihilation operator. Our model predicts that the presence of a signal field increases the number of probe photons transmitted under Rydberg blockade conditions as the control field strength increases. Additionally, it shows that higher number of probe photons are transmitted in the linear interaction regime compared to the non-linear regime. Under Rydberg blockade conditions, the probability of two or more photons in the same Rydberg superatom can be tuned by switching between linear and non-linear interaction regimes, and the positions of bunching or anti-bunching can be adjusted by toggling the signal field on or off. In the presence of the signal field, squeezing in probe transmittance can be maximized in both linear and non-linear regimes by increasing the strength of the control field.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/adac95

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Abstract We propose a quantum mechanical model for observing Rydberg blockade and squeezing effects using a microwave field-assisted five-level inverted Y-type atom-laser interaction system. Using the mean field approximation, we calculate the mean and squeezed values of collective atomic operators and the probe field’s annihilation operator. Our model predicts that the presence of a signal field increases the number of probe photons transmitted under Rydberg blockade conditions as the control field strength increases. Additionally, it shows that higher number of probe photons are transmitted in the linear interaction regime compared to the non-linear regime. Under Rydberg blockade conditions, the probability of two or more photons in the same Rydberg superatom can be tuned by switching between linear and non-linear interaction regimes, and the positions of bunching or anti-bunching can be adjusted by toggling the signal field on or off. In the presence of the signal field, squeezing in probe transmittance can be maximized in both linear and non-linear regimes by increasing the strength of the control field.
We present an improved superatom model for examining nonlinear optical responses of cold Rydberg atoms in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). By going beyond the weak-probe approximation, we find that several higher-order collective states should be included to correctly describe the coherent Rydberg excitation of superatoms. Otherwise, numerical results based on the simple ladder system of superatoms will contribute wrong predictions on light intensity and photon correlation of the transmitted probe field. In particular, a great photon-bunching effect will be improperly expected somewhere out of the EIT window in one dilute atomic sample. The essence of this improved superatom model lies in that it can provide reliable predictions on the nonlinear Rydberg-EIT phenomena even in dense atomic samples and may be extended to realize lossless conditional light interactions in appropriate multilevel systems exhibiting dipole blockade.
Abstract Cavity electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is revisited via the input probe field intensity. A strongly interacting Rydberg atomic medium ensemble is considered in a cavity, where atoms behave as superatoms (SAs) under the dipole blockade mechanism. Each atom in the strongly interacting Rydberg atomic medium ( 87 Rb) follows a three-level cascade atomic configuration. A strong control and weak probe field are employed in the cavity with the ensemble of Rydberg atoms. The features of the reflected and transmitted probe light are studied under the influence of the input probe field intensity. A transparency peak (cavity EIT) is revealed at a resonance condition for small values of input probe field intensity. The manipulation of the cavity EIT is reported by tuning the strength of the input probe field intensity. Further, the phase and group delay of the transmitted and reflected probe light are studied. It is found that group delay and phase in the reflected light are negative, while for the transmitted light they are positive. The magnitude control of group delay in the transmitted and reflected light is investigated via the input probe field intensity.
The effects of Rydberg interactions, such as van der Waals and dipole–dipole interactions, on the probe absorption, cavity transmission, and reflection in a microwave (MW)-mediated pump–probe laser-driven atom–cavity system are theoretically investigated. The results demonstrate that the nonlinear probe absorption is enhanced by increasing intra-cavity photon numbers and is significantly influenced by the external MW field. Notably, the presence of the MW field alters the characteristics of Autler–Townes (AT) peaks in the absorption spectra and modifies the transmission windows in the cavity-transmitted or reflected intensity profiles. These alterations may facilitate the optimization of Rydberg atom-based MW sensing in atomic environments. Furthermore, we show that the variations in cavity length can considerably affect the smallest detectable MW electric field. The resolution of transmitted and reflected signals is improved under the strong pump field condition. Finally, an MW electric field measurement technique based on the phases of cavity-transmitted and reflected light is proposed, considering the influence of Rydberg interactions.
We study the optical response of cold rubidium atoms driven into the four-level Y configuration exhibiting two high Rydberg levels in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Atoms excited to either Rydberg level interact with each other just via self-blockade potentials (I) or also via cross blockade potentials (II). Numerical results show a few interesting quantum phenomena on the transmitted properties of a weak probe field owing to controlled single and double Rydberg blockade. In case (I), it is viable to switch between single-photon outputs with vanishing (invariable) two-photon (three-photon) correlation and photon-pair outputs with vanishing (invariable) three-photon (two-photon) correlation. Such output switch can be easily done by modulating frequencies and intensities of two strong coupling fields to create a degenerate EIT window or two separated EIT windows. In case (II), we find that two-photon and three-photon correlations decrease together at a degenerate EIT window center while increasing together between two separated EIT windows. Such consistent changes are observed because both correlations are modified by the identical polarizability degradation though depending on single and double Rydberg blockade, respectively.
We theoretically investigate the response of the probe amplification in a five-level atomic system in the presence of interacting double-dark resonances disturbed by introducing an additional signal field. It is found that a large enhancement of the probe amplification with or without population inversion can be achieved by properly adjusting the strengths of the microwave driving field and the signal laser field. From viewpoint of physics, we qualitatively explain these results in terms of quantum interference and dressed states.
Abstract Strongly Rydberg-blockaded two-level atoms form a Rydberg superatom which is excited only to a collective symmetrical Dicke state. However, emerging often in the alkali-earth atoms, spontaneous decay from the Rydberg state to an additional pooling state renders the ensemble no longer a closed superatom. Herein we present a computationally efficient model to characterize the interaction between a fully Rydberg-blockaded ensemble of N Λ-type three-level atoms and a strong probe light field in a coherent state. The model enables us to achieve a decomposition of the coupled dynamics in the strong field limit, which significantly reduces the complexity of computing the N -body system evolution and paves the way for practical analysis in experiments. A quasi-steady-state power spectrum with multiple sidebands is found in the scattered field. The relative heights of the sidebands show a time-dependence determined by the atomic relaxation, which illuminates potential applications of using the system in information transfer of quantum networks. With negligible dissipative flipping to the unsymmetrical states, the atomic relaxation time, indicating a linearly increasing pooling state fraction, is derived analytically as a function of the number of atoms.