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Optics & Laser Technology

Enhancement of weak optical signal detection based on phase-sensitive amplification

Changchang Zhang, Zhaolu Wang, Wenjuan Shi, Congfu Zhang, Ke Gao, Hongjun Liu, Nan Huang

Published Jan 17, 2025• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112467

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Optical interferometry plays an essential role in precision metrology such as in gravitational wave detection, gyroscopes, and environmental sensing. Weak value amplification enables reaching the shot-noise-limit of sensitivity, which is difficult for most optical sensors, by amplifying the interferometric signal without amplifying certain technical noises. We implement a generalized form of weak value amplification on an integrated photonic platform with a multi-mode interferometer. Our results pave the way for a more sensitive, robust, and compact platform for measuring phase, which can be adapted to fields such as coherent communications and the quantum domain. In this work, we show a 7 dB signal enhancement in our weak value device over a standard Mach-Zehnder interferometer with equal detected optical power, as well as frequency measurements with 2 kHz sensitivity by adding a ring resonator.
Abstract We investigate the ability of phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) to noiselessly amplify the preferred quadrature components of single-photon signals that are limited by phase fluctuations relative to the pump. We present a PSA enhancement strategy that is more realistic for possible experimental realization and is expected to significantly improve the detection of weak signals at the single-photon level and obtain more useful information. Our study shows that with a large PSA gain, proper transmissivity allows both direct and balanced homodyne detections to operate optimally simultaneously, and effectively improves the noise figure degradation owing to the internal losses and non-ideal detection efficiency.