In the digital era, characterized by extensive online data exchange, information security has become a priority. While traditional encryption methods have proven effective in protecting data transfers, the advent of advanced quantum computing has increased susceptibility to security breaches. Quantum encryption provides a revolutionary solution to this problem by using quantum mechanics principles to establish algorithms that are impermeable to decryption. Using these quantum properties, cryptographic protocols are developed to provide superior security, unlike traditional encryption methods. The image plays an important role in transmitting information in all areas. Therefore, quantum image encryption methods are specifically designed to counter the potential risks posed by quantum computers, which can compromise conventional encryption protocols. This ensures the preservation of data security despite advances in quantum computing technology. In addition, quantum image encryption improves data transmission efficiency by establishing secure communication channels using quantum stats, thereby reducing the need for bandwidth and improving transmission speed. This paper proposes a new method of quantum encryption based on GNEQR representation and the modification of pixel values and positions in an image. After converting the image into a quantum form, we applied an algorithm to modify the values and positions of the pixels using a succession of quantum gates. We concluded this study with a statistical analysis showing the robustness of our quantum image encryption method.
In the digital era, characterized by extensive online data exchange, information security has become a priority. While traditional encryption methods have proven effective in protecting data transfers, the advent of advanced quantum computing has increased susceptibility to security breaches. Quantum encryption provides a revolutionary solution to this problem by using quantum mechanics principles to establish algorithms that are impermeable to decryption. Using these quantum properties, cryptographic protocols are developed to provide superior security, unlike traditional encryption methods. The image plays an important role in transmitting information in all areas. Therefore, quantum image encryption methods are specifically designed to counter the potential risks posed by quantum computers, which can compromise conventional encryption protocols. This ensures the preservation of data security despite advances in quantum computing technology. In addition, quantum image encryption improves data transmission efficiency by establishing secure communication channels using quantum stats, thereby reducing the need for bandwidth and improving transmission speed. This paper proposes a new method of quantum encryption based on GNEQR representation and the modification of pixel values and positions in an image. After converting the image into a quantum form, we applied an algorithm to modify the values and positions of the pixels using a succession of quantum gates. We concluded this study with a statistical analysis showing the robustness of our quantum image encryption method.
In the digital, networked and visual age, the image has become the key medium for conveying information and knowledge. Image security has attracted increasing attention as the operation, sharing and communication in various fields. However, with the widespread use of networks, the security of image transmission faces serious challenges, including unauthorized access, tampering, and interception by malicious attackers. Traditional cryptographic methods play a limited role in image security in the cyber age. With the development of quantum computing and quantum communication, quantum image encryption has emerged, and it fully protects the image security from the perspective of quantum mechanics. When the image is encrypted in the quantum state, due to the quantum properties , quantum image encryption becomes extremely secure. As a result, it is impossible for classical computer technology to decode the encrypted images. Quantum Image Encryption not only protects against image theft and tampering but also enables secure image transmission.In this paper, we present a method for quantum encryption of color images based on NCQI representation and modification of RGB pixel positions and their values. In several steps, using NCQI representation and some quantum logic gates, we can identify the quantum state of the image and modify the RGB pixel values and positions. By calculating several parameters, we conclude this study with a statistical evaluation that proves the effectiveness and strength of our method. This research contributes to the burgeoning field of quantum cryptography by introducing a novel method tailored specifically for color image encryption, thereby advancing the capabilities of quantum secure communication protocols.
Quantum image encryption (QIE) has emerged as a promising solution for securing digital data in an era dominated by rapid advancements in quantum computing and increasing cyber threats. Traditional cryptographic techniques, which rely on classical encryption methods, are vulnerable to the computational power of quantum algorithms, posing significant challenges for maintaining data privacy and integrity. This survey presents a thorough review of quantum encryption techniques, highlighting both their limitations and advantages, with a particular emphasis on their ability to ensure secure visual data transmission in the post-quantum era. Additionally, it provides a comparative analysis of classical and quantum cryptographic techniques, with a primary focus on quantum encryption methods. The survey also explores potential solutions to address the challenges inherent in classical encryption schemes, highlighting how these challenges can be mitigated through quantum encryption approaches. As quantum computing continues to evolve, the need for quantum-secure encryption methods becomes more critical. This survey not only highlights the innovative techniques that show promise for future secure visual data transmission but also identifies key areas for future research and development, paving the way for robust and scalable solutions in the quantum computing era.
Cryptography plays an important role in ensuring data security and authentication within information processing systems. As the prevalence of digital imagery continues to grow, safeguarding this form of data becomes increasingly crucial. However, existing security protocols, reliant on complex mathematical models, exhibit vulnerabilities in effectively protecting information from both internal and external threats. Moreover, the forthcoming advent of quantum computing poses a significant challenge, as it could decrypt data encrypted by classical. In this paper, we propose an efficient implementation scheme for a quantum image encryption algorithm combining the generalized affine transform and logistic map. We evaluated developed quantum circuits using qiskit and quantum devices to validate the encryption technique. Through comprehensive performance analysis, we have demonstrated the efficiency of the chosen encryption algorithm across various criteria. Furthermore, we introduce a hybrid methodology aimed at mitigating circuit complexity and reducing quantum cost. Leveraging the Espresso algorithm and incorporating an ancilla qubit into the circuitry, we achieve a remarkable 50\% reduction in cost while maintaining security and efficiency. Finally, we conducted robustness and security analyses to assess the resilience of our encryption method against diverse noise attacks. The results confirm that our proposed quantum image encryption technique provides a secure solution and offers precise and measurable quantum image processing capabilities.
Quantum image encryption has become a promising direction to protect visual information stored or transmitted through cyberspace due to its cryptographic power and resilience that are under-researched. This survey makes a systematic study of the current advancement in the field of quan-tum image encryption concerning cryptographic security and AI-based approaches. We survey the state of quantum-based encryption, such as quantum key distribution, chaotic quantum systems, and AI methods, such as deep learning, to generate keys and detect attacks through a thorough literature review. The significant findings include that quantum encryption may provide unprecedented security levels through mechanisms such as superposition and entanglement, yet computational complexity and hardware constraints are obstacles to implementation. AI-based methods have improved efficiency and adaptability but have created adversarial attack risks. We can conclude that quantum image encryption has the potential to transform the secure transmission of data, but it is necessary to incorporate AI-powered optimizations into the proven quantum systems to ensure scalability and resistance to evolving threats. Hybrid models are the way of the future as they need to find a balance between security and realistic usage.
In recent years, in the context of the rapid development of quantum computing technology, quantum attack methods such as Shor’s algorithm pose a serious threat to the traditional public key encryption system based on number-theoretic puzzles. Using the characteristics of quantum bits, this paper proposes a quantum grey-scale image encryption method based on alternating quantum random walk. Firstly, the quantum representation model is used to transform the image into a quantum state, and then the quantum key is generated by the alternating quantum random walk algorithm, and combined with the quantum gate operation for encrypting the grey-scale image data, which not only inherits the advantage of the anti-attack of the quantum computation, but also, through the quantum parallelism and the non-clonability, which solves the security and efficiency bottleneck of traditional image encryption in the quantum era and significantly improves the security of grey-scale image encryption. The algorithm proposed in this paper has been verified by simulation experiments, and the experimental results show that the method is excellent in encryption and decryption effects, and for the encrypted image, a number of performance analyses have been carried out, and the analysis results show that the proposed encryption method has a high degree of security, and it can effectively resist the statistical attack, noise attack, etc., and the distribution of the histogram of encrypted image is more uniform, the pixel correlation analysis is close to 1, and the information entropy is close to 7.999.
Abstract The development of communication technology has brought emerging technologies such as 5G networks and the Internet of Things (IoT), but it also hides a significant risk of information leakage. In the post-quantum era, the security of most traditional encryption technologies will face serious challenges. For the information security problem, quantum technology is a feasible solution, which can effectively guarantee the security of data. In this paper, a new scheme for quantum image privacy protection is proposed. The NEQR (Novel Enhanced Quantum Representation) quantum image representation can be used to quickly convert a classical image into a quantum image, and the converted quantum image has higher flexibility and maneuverability in processing. In this scheme, the static circular dispersion scramble algorithm is proposed to inversely scramble the image by constructing a diffusion analysis table, and the scrambling algorithm is combined with Knuth-Durstenfeld shuffling to enhance the overall randomness of the algorithm. A four dimensional fractional order hyper chaotic system is used as the key generator and superimposed diffusion using Fibonacci Q-matrix, Gray code and chaos matrix is performed to completely incorporate the plain-image information into the cipher-image. In this, the Gray code will act on the pixel positions in the quantum image. In addition, converting the color image into quantum state for operation effectively ensures the security during transmission. After a series of experimental analysis, we obtained excellent test results, such as an average information entropy of 7.9972.