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Quantum Information Processing

Research on the correlation between spin–orbit entangled states and the spin–orbit interaction of light

Jiangmei Tang, Shao-Meng Wang, Yubin Gong

Published Jan 7, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-024-04636-y

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The angular momentum of light is a useful resource for many applications. In specific physical architectures it can be considered as the sum of two independent terms, the spin and the orbital components, in analogy to particle systems. The spin angular momentum is related to the polarization of the optical beam, that is the direction of the oscillating electric field, whereas the orbital angular momentum is associated with the spatial distribution of the field. Being independent, spin and orbital angular momenta have been discovered and explored in separate contexts for many years, while only recently it has been considered the possibility to address both quantities on the same beam (or individual photons). The interaction between these two quantities gives rise to complex structures of the electromagnetic field, or to the so called classical entanglement in the domain of single photons. The research presented in this work aimed to show that combining spin and orbital angular momenta in light beams or single photons may be a useful tool for a variety of applications, with particular interest to the case of architectures characterized by spin-orbit interaction. This concept was made concrete through the design and the realization of several experiments, in the framework of singular optics, foundations of quantum mechanics, quantum information theory and quantum simulation.

•Jan 1, 2015•0 citations
Abstract We explore the influence of contact interactions on a synthetically spin–orbit coupled system of two ultracold trapped atoms. Even though the system we consider is bosonic, we show that a regime exists in which the competition between the contact and spin–orbit interactions results in the emergence of a ground state that contains a significant contribution from the anti-symmetric spin state. This ground state is unique to few-particle systems and does not exist in the mean-field regime. The transition to this state is signalled by an inversion in the average momentum from being dominated by centre-of-mass momentum to relative momentum and also affects the global entanglement shared between the real- and pseudo-spin spaces. Indeed, competition between the interactions can also result in avoided crossings in the ground state which further enhances these correlations. However, we find that correlations shared between the pseudo-spin states are strongly depressed due to the spin–orbit coupling and therefore the system does not contain spin–spin entanglement.
We study the quantum discord and teleportation of a two-qubit Heisenberg XXX chain with spin-orbit interaction. The analytical expressions of quantum discord, output state quantum discord and fidelity are obtained for this model. The classical correlation, quantum correlation and entanglement of this system depending on coupling interaction, spin-orbit interaction and temperature are investigated in detail. It is found that the quantum discord exists for the ferromagnetic case, but entanglement is zero under the same condition. We can obtain fidelity better than any classical communication protocol for the antiferromagnetic case. The robustness of quantum discord against the temperature is helpful for the realization of quantum computation.
The angular momentum of light is a useful resource for many applications. In specific physical architectures it can be considered as the sum of two independent terms, the spin and the orbital components, in analogy to particle systems. The spin angular momentum is related to the polarization of the optical beam, that is the direction of the oscillating electric field, whereas the orbital angular momentum is associated with the spatial distribution of the field. Being independent, spin and orbital angular momenta have been discovered and explored in separate contexts for many years, while only recently it has been considered the possibility to address both quantities on the same beam (or individual photons). The interaction between these two quantities gives rise to complex structures of the electromagnetic field, or to the so called classical entanglement in the domain of single photons. The research presented in this work aimed to show that combining spin and orbital angular momenta in light beams or single photons may be a useful tool for a variety of applications, with particular interest to the case of architectures characterized by spin-orbit interaction. This concept was made concrete through the design and the realization of several experiments, in the framework of singular optics, foundations of quantum mechanics, quantum information theory and quantum simulation.