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Exploration of Alternative Interpretation Approaches to the Physical Mechanism of Electron Double-Slit Interference

Shandong Zhao, Jianshu Luo

Published Jan 3, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The thesis offers an innovative analysis of quantum mechanics. Firstly, it clearly expounds the characteristics of quantum mechanics in measurement and other aspects, and proposes seven criteria for judging scientific nature. Then, it points out that there are some key problems with the orthodox assumptions of quantum mechanics, such as unclear physical mechanisms, lack of rigorous logic, difficulty in falsification, and incomplete main considerations.Regarding the double-slit interference experiment, the thesis conducts a comprehensive derivation and demonstration, proposing a unique interpretation. The traditional view holds that the interference is caused by the wave nature of electrons, while this thesis suggests that it is the periodic fluctuating Coulomb force field in the double-slit slits. A large number of electrons interact with it, undergo regular deflection to form a probability distribution, and then superimpose to produce interference fringes. This interpretation challenges the traditional cognition of the wave nature of microscopic particles in quantum mechanics, prompting us to re-think the basic concepts and experimental interpretations of quantum mechanics from the new perspective of the Coulomb force field, providing new ideas and directions for the study of quantum mechanics.

DOI
10.20944/preprints202501.0021.v1

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The thesis offers an innovative analysis of quantum mechanics. Firstly, it clearly expounds the characteristics of quantum mechanics in measurement and other aspects, and proposes seven criteria for judging scientific nature. Then, it points out that there are some key problems with the orthodox assumptions of quantum mechanics, such as unclear physical mechanisms, lack of rigorous logic, difficulty in falsification, and incomplete main considerations.Regarding the double-slit interference experiment, the thesis conducts a comprehensive derivation and demonstration, proposing a unique interpretation. The traditional view holds that the interference is caused by the wave nature of electrons, while this thesis suggests that it is the periodic fluctuating Coulomb force field in the double-slit slits. A large number of electrons interact with it, undergo regular deflection to form a probability distribution, and then superimpose to produce interference fringes. This interpretation challenges the traditional cognition of the wave nature of microscopic particles in quantum mechanics, prompting us to re-think the basic concepts and experimental interpretations of quantum mechanics from the new perspective of the Coulomb force field, providing new ideas and directions for the study of quantum mechanics.
The mainstream quantum mechanics uses “probability wave superposition and single-electron self-interference” to explain electron single-slit and double-slit diffraction. This theory deviates from the essential nature of real particle interactions and has fundamental logical flaws. The electron is a negatively charged real particle with a definite physical size and high-frequency transverse oscillation; a single real particle has no physical basis for self-interference. Abandoning the abstract probability wave hypothesis, this paper establishes a complete real-interaction model including electrostatic repulsion deflection, surface electron exchange, collision scattering, microscopic refraction, and barrier diffraction, based on the three-dimensional random transverse oscillation and charge repulsion of electrons. The model uniformly explains the real formation mechanism of electron single-slit diffraction and double-slit interference fringes. This paper proves that in single-electron sequential emission, each electron passes through only one slit; all bright and dark fringes are the statistical result of multiple microscopic interactions between electrons and slit walls or the central barrier. The disappearance of fringes under observation is caused by external disturbance to the inherent oscillation and wall-interaction equilibrium, not by wave function collapse. This paper further clarifies that whether an electron can pass through a slit is determined by its transverse oscillation amplitude, not by wavelength. Amplitude directly corresponds to slit width and is the core controlling variable of diffraction. Meanwhile, if no slit is placed, electrons flying directly to the screen produce no diffraction or interference fringes, proving that electrons themselves have no self-interference ability. Fringes are generated by slit structures, not by intrinsic wave interference of electrons. This study corrects the century-long misunderstanding of electron diffraction and establishes a new microscopic diffraction mechanism consistent with classical real-particle physics.
Abstract In this paper, we address a gap in the conventional interpretations of quantum mechanics, specifically the requirement for a more comprehensive description of particle and light phenomena. We introduce an alternative interpretation underpinned by the traditional mathematical framework of quantum mechanics, thus ensuring compatibility with established principles. Central to our proposition is the concept that particles and light fundamentally manifest as a ubiquitous wave field, each point of which is imbued with unique energy characteristics. This perspective provides a consistent resolution to the long-standing quantum measurement problem and offers a fresh lens through which to understand the intricacies of phenomena such as the double-slit experiment. Our proposed interpretational approach represents a crucial first step towards more comprehensive research, aiming to provide analytical proof and design experiments that verify this wave field interpretation.
The double-slit interference experiment serves as a fundamental experiment in quantum mechanics. Core theories including wave-particle duality, quantum superposition and measurement collapse are established on the basis of this phenomenon. The mainstream Copenhagen interpretation and Bohmian pilot-wave theory rely heavily on mathematical statistical fitting to interpret experimental outcomes, yet they fail to reveal the real physical evolution mechanism of photons at the microscale. Moreover, they inherently suffer from symmetry breaking, causal discontinuity and logical inconsistency. The symmetry-breaking analogy widely adopted in academic circles contains dimensional mismatch and conceptual substitution, representing a cognitive bias that places mathematical tools above physical mechanisms. Based on the symmetry principle of classical physics and the rule of continuous causal evolution, this paper systematically identifies the core defects of mainstream quantum interpretations and points out the paradigm limitation of quantum mechanics that prioritizes mathematical fitting over physical ontology. A spatial particle resonance propagation model is proposed. This model explains that photons are essentially the resonance manifestation of space particles. When resonance passes through double slits, the resonance body splits symmetrically, and then recombines after passing through the slits to form interference. Measurement will break the symmetry of resonance, resulting in the disappearance of interference fringes. This model maintains continuous causality and geometric symmetry, and provides a new physical mechanism explanation for quantum uncertainty and measurement effects in double-slit experiments.
Abstract One of the greatest mysteries that has puzzled and seemingly hoodwinked our very understanding of nature is the single electron double slit experiment – one that Feynman termed the central mystery of quantum mechanics. At the heart of this mystery is how can an electron that is a physical particle exhibit a wave-like property? We’ve proposed a non-counterintuitive way to explain this phenomenon called the randomly-jumping electron hypothesis, in which the electron randomly “jumps” in discrete succession to specific points only and not others which is what causes the electron to indeed be a classical particle only but is able to produce a wave-like interference pattern. To provide supporting evidence for our hypothesis, we’ve developed a computer program to simulate the single electron double slit experiment by treating the electron as a classical particle while still exhibiting wave-like fringes in agreement with real-world observed data of the single electron double slit experiment performed. Our interpretation does not set out to “solve” the mystery of why an electron can produce a wave-like interference pattern once and for all, however our hypothesis is a monism ontological interpretation that does address some of the crucial debates that have remained unsolved for 100 years since the formulation of quantum mechanics.
We propose a new interpretation of quantum mechanics to address challenges of the Copenhagen Interpretation and to explain observations from certain double-slit experiments. We explore some characteristics of quantum mechanics and analyze a quantum mechanical model which leads us to the assumptions for our new interpretation. We show how quantized waves, like those in Schrodinger’s wave equation, might exist in nature and explain the fundamentals of quantum-scale processes including: the above-mentioned double-slit experiments, wave function collapse, quantum entanglement and quantum tunneling. We classify our interpretation based on commonly used criteria. Finally, we consider some future theoretical points and list some experimental questions. Our new interpretation has the potential to facilitate new theory and experiments leading to a better understanding of fundamental processes in nature and possibly new applications for quantum theory. Page 18 is updated and there is a new suggestion about entanglement on page 20.
Quantum mechanics has fundamentally changed the way scientists think about the world. Quantum mechanical theory has found it's way into our everyday lives through advances in technology. In this dissertation a fundamental quantum mechanical demonstration and the technological development of a new quantum mechanical device are presented. Double-slit diffraction is a corner stone of quantum mechanics. It illustrates key features of quantum mechanics: interference and the particle-wave duality of matter. Here we demonstrate the full realization of Richard Feynman's famous thought experiment. By placing a movable mask in front of a double-slit to control the transmission through the individuals slits. Probability distributions for single- and double-slit arrangements were observed. Additionally, by recording single electron detection events diffracting through a double-slit,a diffraction pattern was built up from individual events. Additionally, a demonstration of a three grating Talbot-Lau interferometer for electrons is presented. As a proof of principle the interferometer is used to measure magnetic fields. The possibility to extend this work to build a scaled-up electron interferometer for sensitive magnetic field sensing is discussed. A theoretical model is presented to simulate the two experiments. This model is developed from Richard Feynman's path integral formalism, where a wave function is propagated through the elements of the system. The theoretical simulations reproduce the experimental data well, except for a large discrepancy of a factor of 5.5 between the experimental and theoretical sensitivity of the Talbot-Lau interferometer. The origin of the discrepancy is currently unknown. These experiments were built off of previous work done here at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and improvements to the preexisting system are discussed. While these experiments likely did not demonstrate anything contrary to conventional quantum mechanics, it is important to continually probe these types of experiments to test the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics and explore it's technical applications. Advisor: Herman Batelaan