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Proof of the incompleteness of wave quantum mechanics. Second part.

Субхон Джомирзоев

Published Dec 27, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

As a result of identifying the corpuscular-wave quantities (CWQ) of a non-relativistic electron (NE) as quantities associated with the equation of motion of wave quantum mechanics (WQM),it was discovered that WQM in reality is corpuscular-wave mechanics (CWM)and the fundamental differences between WQM and classical Newtonian mechanics (CNM) were established, and also, the possibility of creating analogies of WQM and CNM is indicated.

DOI
10.24108/preprints-3113321

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Qeios•Aug 16, 2023•1 citation
As a result of identifying the corpuscular-wave quantities (CWQ) of a non-relativistic electron (NE) as quantities associated with the equation of motion of wave quantum mechanics (WQM),it was discovered that WQM in reality is corpuscular-wave mechanics (CWM)and the fundamental differences between WQM and classical Newtonian mechanics (CNM) were established, and also, the possibility of creating analogies of WQM and CNM is indicated.
The hundred and fifty years ago, I.Newton, in his corpuscular classic mechanics (CCM), introduced mass as an initial quantity, and, an its basis, defined other corpuscular quantities of CCM. And a hundred years ago, the corpuscular-wave properties of microparticles testified to the inherent corpuscular-wave quantities (CWQ), which as the initial value had the product of mass and wavelength. Accordingly, just as Newton’s CCM was based on corpuscular quantities, corpuscular-wave mechanics (CWM) should have been based on CWQ in the same way. But a hundred years ago, Plank’s and Einstein, to describe the corpuscular-wave properties of the photon, used hybrid of corpuscular quantities Newton’s CCM and wave quantities of wave optics, which a priori, by their definition, were insufficient to describe the CWQ of the photon. Subsequently, de Broglie and Schrödinger applied the method of Planck and Einstein to the case of a non-relativistic electron (NE), and obtained wave quantum mechanics (WQM). But the WQM he obtained turned out to be a real puzzle, and now, a hundred years later, l was able to discover that in reality WQM is an incomplete version of the CWM NE. The campaign managed to find out that Newton’s CCM arises in the form of a special case of the CWM macroscopic body. In this regard, now, l seem to be a Tajikistan physicist who discovered CWQ and CWM physics.
In its physical meaning, Planck’s constant turned out to be one of the corpuscular-wave quantities (CWQ) of microparticles. In turn, the newly discovered CWQ turned out to be quantities of corpuscular-wave mechanics (CWM), just as corpuscular quantities are quantities of the Newton’s corpuscular classical mechanics (CCM). At the same time, Schrödinger’s wave quantum mechanics (WQM) turned out to be in fact incomplete part of the CWM of non-relativistic electron (NE), and Newton's CCM itself turned out to be derived from the CWM macroscopic body (MB). Thus, to our great surprise, the CWM of a NE turned out to be more general form of Schrödinger’s WQM, and the CWM of a MB turned out to be more general form of Newton’s CCM. In this regard, just Abel discovered the multiplicity of algebras, and Lobachevsky discovered the multiplicity of geometries, similar to them, we encountered the multiplicity of the mechanics of physics.
After unsuccessful arguments with N.Bohr about the incompleteness of the non-relativistic electron (NE) created by Schrödinger in wave quantum mechanics (WQM), Einstein said: " I am more and more inclined do think that extra-spatial structures are necessary for the further development of physics ". And the extra-spatial structures predicted by Einstein had to be constants, since only constants were independent of the space-time continuum. Therefore, it was necessary to find an answer to the question: " How can constants be used as extra-spatial structures for the further development of physics?" The answer this question arose naturally when we managed to find out that Planck’s constant and other constants associated with it are the proper corpuscular-wave (CW) quantities of microparticles. At the same time, the newly discovered extra-spatial CW quantities of microparticles, being constants, turned out to be extra-spatial structures in relation to the Euclidean, Minkowski and Klein-Gordon spaces. In addition it turned out that our newly discovered extra-spatial CW quantities of microparticles inside the space of Euclidean, Minkowski and Klein-Gordon appear in the form of corpuscular, mixed and wave quantities of microparticles that are generally known to this day. Moreover, the emergence within spatial corpuscular quantities from extra-spatial CW quantities made it possible to understand that the corpuscular quantities of Newton’s corpuscular classical mechanics (CCM), which were considered the principles of physics, are not in fact the principles of physics. It turned out that the WQM of a NE created by Schrödinger is an incomplete version of the corpuscular-wave mechanics (CWM) of a NE. No matter discover the extra-spatial predicted by Einstein necessary for the further development of physics in the form of extra-spatial proper CW quantities and the CWM of real objects of Nature.
It is often claimed that Einstein is wrong about quantum mechanics. However, when comparisons are made with respect to theoretical foundations rather than experimental results Einstein’s theories are found to be superior. Although quantum mechanics correctly predicts what it is possible to observe (the emissions) with remarkable accuracy it ignores the other half of natural phenomena, that which cannot be observed (the absorptions), thereby violating the conservation of energy. Similarly, the conservation of momentum is violated by disregarding unobservable molecular impulses. Despite irrefutable proof that molecular impulses transfer momentum asymmetrically as shown by Einstein’s derivation of the A and B coefficients, the wave function is assumed to apply symmetrically in time. The deficiencies are corrected by introducing Hamilton’s principle and deriving relativistic equations of motion. This allows non-relativistic quantum mechanics to be described with a physical model and wave function behavior to be interpreted as the combined action of a particle and its associated quantized field. The calculus of variations is applied to the wave function to show that it is an incomplete equation of motion because it yields twice the allowable action minimum. The concept of reality is redefined by showing that reductionism applies to classical phenomena, but not quantum phenomena.