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VNU Journal of Science Mathematics - Physics

Quantum Phase Transition in Binary Ultra-cold Bose Gases

Dang Thi Minh Hue

Published Dec 27, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum phase transition in binary Bose Gases is studied using the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis effective potential approach in the double-bubble approximation, which preserves the Goldstone theorem. Its main feature is that the transition is second order occurring at ultra-cold temperatures associated with the type of inverse symmetry-breaking transition occurring when the chemical potential reaches a critical value. However, it cannot simultaneously occur for the two components of a binary mixture of Bose gases.

DOI
10.25073/2588-1124/vnumap.4964

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The quantum phase transition in binary Bose Gases is studied using the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis effective potential approach in the double-bubble approximation, which preserves the Goldstone theorem. Its main feature is that the transition is second order occurring at ultra-cold temperatures associated with the type of inverse symmetry-breaking transition occurring when the chemical potential reaches a critical value. However, it cannot simultaneously occur for the two components of a binary mixture of Bose gases.
We study a quantum Bose-Fermi mixture near a broad Feshbach resonance at zero temperature. Within a quantum field theoretical model, a two-step Gaussian approximation allows us to capture the main features of the quantum phase diagram. We show that a repulsive boson-boson interaction is necessary for thermodynamic stability. The quantum phase diagram is mapped in chemical-potential and density space, and both first- and second-order quantum phase transitions are found. We discuss typical characteristics of the first-order transition, such as hysteresis or a droplet formation of the condensate, which may be searched for experimentally.
The ground state and spectral properties of Bose gases in double-well potentials are studied in two different scenarios: (i) an interacting atomic Bose gas, and (ii) a mixture of an atomic gas interacting with diatomic molecules. A ground state second-order quantum phase transition is observed in both scenarios. For large attractive values of the atom-atom interaction, the ground state is degenerate. For repulsive and small attractive interaction, the ground state is not degenerate and is well approximated by a boson coherent state. Both systems depict an excited state quantum phase transition. In both cases, a critical energy separates a region in which all the energy levels are degenerate in pairs, from another region in which there are no degeneracies. For the atomic system, the critical point displays a singularity in the density of states, whereas this behavior is largely smoothed for the mixed atom-molecule system.
The dynamical stability and its connection with phase structures of binary Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) are systematically studied within framework of the Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) theory. We find that (a) the dynamical stability is the main factor governing both the symmetry breaking and the formation of various phases associated with the scenarios: symmetry restoration (SR) and inverse symmetry breaking (ISB); (b) the condensation of Bose gases might occur at constant temperature for chemical potentials varying in some definite regions. We suggest how to experimentally observe the foregoing phenomena whose possible existences in nature are theoretically confirmed.